Where Do the Newest EU Member States Stand on the Road to Monetary Integration?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bojesteanu ◽  
Gabriel Bobeica
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals Road Traffic Safety Development Trends in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Juris Kreicbergs ◽  
Juris Smirnovs ◽  
Aldis Lama ◽  
Janis Smirnovs ◽  
Atis Zarins
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road

The main focus of this article is on the road traffic safety development trends in Latvia. Soon after the regain of independence at the beginning of the 1990s, road traffic safety characteristics in Latvia were the worst in the Latvian history. The increase of car availability and affordability made the car a major road vehicle. The implementation of road safety programmes contributed to essential improvement of road traffic safety in Latvia. The number of road accident fatalities in 2020 compared to 1991 decreased more than sevenfold. Nevertheless, the current Latvian road traffic safety statistics is well below the average level of the EU member states and even the pandemics did not cause similar reduction as in most member states. This indicates that great improvement is still needed. The article shows the Latvian experience in road traffic safety enhancements and discusses the measures to improve road traffic safety.

Harmonizing Car Emissions, Air Quality, and Fuel Quality Standards in the Wake of the VW Scandal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas de Sadeleer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Eu

Given that cars have become icons for flexibility, individuality, and freedom, it comes as no surprise that the passenger car fleet in almost all of the EU Member States is constantly growing. In 2010 there were about 239 million heavy-duty vehicles and 35 million light-duty vehicles in the then 27 Member States, more than a quarter of the cars and trucks on the road worldwide. It is expected that this number will grow by 31%by 2030. Not only has the number of vehicles grown constantly over recent decades, but the distance travelled by each has increased as well. Cars, and the industries producing them, do however have significant impacts on the environment ranging from smog to climate change.

Preliminary Results in the Development of a Database for Noise Maps

2015 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Moscovici
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
National Road ◽  
Gis System

The control of roads traffic, of noise, of all other problems which occur on national road sections are much more manageable through Geographic Information Systems. The possibility of changing parameters in real time from a database, allows rapid information on problems encountered and efficient solutions at a more sustained rate.This paper presents a proposed solution to improve the Geographic Information System by adding noise data, by carrying out a case study on the road section Sag - Voiteg that connects Timisoara (Romania) and Belgrade (Serbia). The existing GIS system was established in 2012 according to the legislation in force at the time. As Year 2017 will mark the next stage of issuing the noise maps according to the rules set by CNOSSOS-EU, the measurements done for this study will follow these new methods. CNOSSOS-EU accurately describes the objectives and methodology requirements, establishes clear criteria for road traffic and sound propagation.The advantage of uniformity standards and methods of control in all EU Member States allows comparative studies on pollution, the number of people affected, etc.

scholarly journals The Limits of Agencification in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Scholten ◽  
Marloes van Rijsbergen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Road ◽  
European Court ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Eu

Although not explicitly regulated by the EU treaties, EU agencies not only exist but also have increased in number and power. In addition, while EU agencies may exercise very similar functions to those of the Commission, Articles 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) do not list agencies among the possible authors of non-legislative acts. The existing situation raises the questions of the extent to which the ongoing agencification in the EU is legitimate and what its limits are. This article addresses these questions in the light of the old and new Treaties and case law, including the just releasedESMA-shortsellingcase. It shows that while the Lisbon Treaty made a few steps forward on the road of legitimizing EU agencies and delegating important powers to them, the scope of powers that EU agencies can have remains unclear. In this respect, the European Court of Justice's lenient approach in theESMA-shortsellingcase is unfortunate because it neither clarifies the issue nor pushes the Union Legislator and the Member States to address it. Consequently, in the absence of clear limits, further agencification is likely to persist at the risk of increasing the democratic legitimacy deficit and remaining accountability gaps.

scholarly journals Political Issues of Cooperation on Global Terrorism between the EU and Russia’s Police and Special Agencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-275
Author(s):  
Yury I. Nadtochey ◽  
Milka Malfait
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Dialogue ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Eu

This article explains the institutional framework for EU-Russia cooperation, in particular in the field of combating terrorism. Under auspices of the Permanent Partnership Council, a political dialogue has been established, with four road maps concluded on its sidelines. Due to the Road map on the Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice, Russia has the possibility not only to establish bilateral relations with EU member states, but also with the EU as an organization. This article discusses practical ways for Russia to cooperate with the EU and its Member States in the fight against terrorism. The authors emphasize the distinctive features between the simple exchange of information and real joint operational forces. This article highlights that Russia-EU cooperation will improve only if both sides consider the same terrorist organizations from common angle.

scholarly journals Conditions of workers' participation in the European context-works councils structures in the Central and Eastern Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skorupińska
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Member States ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

The implementation of the 2002 Directive caused establishment of participation structures in coimtries of the Central and Eastern Europę following the pattern of works councils in Western Europę. The institiitions of workers participation have right to information and consultation but they do not possess the right to codetermination which for a long time has been granted to most works councils in the old EU Member States. Works councils in the new EU Member States have not been established on the road of organie development but they had to define their entitlements and evolve organizational structures themselves. In this article two major topics are discussed: types of employees' interests representation and dijferences in structures of works councils in coimtries of the Central and Eastern Europę. The main aim of the paper is to present the most important factors which affect the establishment and creation of such institiitions.

The Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences: Frustrations on the Road to Utopia

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
L. L. Herman
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
On The Road

The major international legal activity in the field of maritime transport in the first half of the 1970's was the negotiation and eventual adoption in 1974 under the auspices of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (U.N.C.T.A.D.) of the Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences. The treaty-making conference itself, convened in Geneva, Switzerland, was attended by over eighty states members of U.N.C.T.A.D., including, of course, all the major trading nations, as well as by many observer delegations from U.N.C.T.A.D. member states, specialized agencies, and non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations.

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