The United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: What Did You Expect?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip I. Levy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Promotion

Neoliberalism and Counterinsurgency

Colombia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
The U.S

How did the U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement come about? The officially named “U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement” was the stepchild of a rancorous hemispheric divorce between the United States and five Latin American governments over the proposal to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement...

Deforestation and the United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Peinhardt ◽  
Alisha A. Kim ◽  
Viveca Pavon-Harr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Trade Promotion

Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make a difference? In part to coopt environmental criticisms, the United States has included environmental components to trade agreements since NAFTA side agreements in the mid-1990s. Environmental components are increasingly more integrated and more specific, as illustrated by the 2009 United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). In exchange for increased market access to the United States, the Peruvian government agreed to reduce illegal logging and improve forest sector governance. Recent qualitative assessments of deforestation highlight difficulties in implementing the specific requirements of the PTPA’s Annex on Forest Sector Governance, but tests with Peruvian data on logging appear unreliable. We circumvent this difficulty by using satellite imagery of deforestation across Peruvian border regions and by engaging multiple methods to estimate the PTPA’s impact. All results suggest that deforestation has actually increased since the PTPA entered force, although no more than in other Amazonian countries. We conclude by emphasizing the limits of external imposition of environmental rules, which appear prone to failure unless domestic interests mobilize in their support.

United States Requests Consultations Regarding Peru's Environmental Obligations Under Bilateral Trade Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Promotion

On January 4, 2019, the United States requested consultations with Peru with respect to its forest governance obligations under the 2007 United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). The PTPA has an environmental chapter with robust terms that were included largely at the insistence of members of Congress, reflecting concerns that a free trade agreement with Peru could increase the country's export of illegally logged wood to the United States. The request for consultations focused on Peru's decision to relocate its Agency for the Supervision of Forest Resources and Wildlife (OSINFOR) to within Peru's Ministry of Environment—a change that, in the view of the United States, “appears to conflict” with a PTPA obligation that “‘OSINFOR shall be an independent and separate agency.’”

scholarly journals Diplomacy and Trade: The Current Contradictory Relations between the United States and Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Erick D. Langer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Trade Promotion

Diplomatic relations between Bolivia and the United States have been difficult since Evo Morales became president in 2006.  Despite these poor relations and even despite the abrogation of the ATPDEA (Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act) in 2008, commerce between Bolivia and the United States has increased more than during governments allied with the United States.  These conclusions show that the state of diplomatic relations are not necessarily indicative of the intensity of trade between countries.    

scholarly journals Lessons From East Asian NICs Export Success

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Youngho Lee ◽  
Joe W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Trade Promotion

The Four Tigers of East AsiaSouth Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singaporehave all achieved economic miracles during last two decades. This article will review the external and internal conditions conducive to their export success, put into perspective their outward-looking development strategies, and analyze their trade promotion policies. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for developing a new viable export culture in the United States.

scholarly journals The United States Resolves Its Request for Consultations Regarding Peru's Environmental Obligations Under Bilateral Trade Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-642
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Promotion

On April 9, 2019, the United States and Peru reached a resolution regarding concerns about Peru's forest sector obligations under the 2007 United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). At issue was Peru's relocation of the Agency for the Supervision of Forest Resources and Wildlife (OSINFOR) to a “subordinate position” in its Ministry of Environment in December 2018. The United States requested consultations under the PTPA on the ground that this relocation conflicted with a provision in the Environment Chapter's “Annex on Forest Sector Governance” (Forest Annex), which states that “OSINFOR shall be an independent and separate agency.” Following the consultations, Peru agreed to restore OSINFOR to its original location within the Peruvian government.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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