Prospects for Cooperative Marketing Among Surgical Instrument Producers in Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Thompson Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Cooperative Marketing

scholarly journals Prospects for Cooperative Marketing among Surgical Instrument Producers in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Theresa Thompson Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Cooperative Marketing

Given that clustered firms in developing countries generally sell their goods through multinational firms, we seek to determine under what conditions might clustered surgical instrument firms band together and form a cooperative to “break out” of their relationship with multinational buyers to market their own goods. Our results, based on a survey of surgical instrument producers in Sialkot, Pakistan, demonstrate that firms are more likely to be interested in such initiatives once they have already had some direct experience in marketing, such as selling products under their own brand name and having already sold some goods directly to hospitals. Firms that have had relationships of longer duration with customers tend to be less likely to be interested in joint action initiatives. This indicates that a higher opportunity cost of engaging in joint action (as proxied by relationships of longer duration) reduces the likelihood of cooperative marketing initiatives in clusters.

Comments on the Use of the Radio Surgical Instrument for Donor Harvesting

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7.1-7
Author(s):  
David Burton
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Instrument

Book Review:The Cooperative Marketing of Livestock. Edwin G. Nourse, Joseph G. Knapp

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
E. A. Duddy
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Marketing

Research progress and development trend of surgical robot and surgical instrument arm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Haiyuan Li ◽  
Linlin Cui ◽  
Haiyang Li ◽  
Xiangyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Surgical Robot ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Surgical Instrument

Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surgical Site Infections after Arthroscopic Procedures: Texas, 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
Maureen Disbot ◽  
Jonathan M. Duffy ◽  
Marc L. Boom ◽  
Gary Heseltine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Case Patient ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Arthroscopic Procedures

Setting.Seven organ/space surgical site infections (SSIs) that occurred after arthroscopic procedures and were due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa of indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns occurred at hospital X in Texas from April 22, 2009, through May 7, 2009.Objective.To determine the source of the outbreak and prevent future infections.Design.Infection control observations and a case-control study.Methods.Laboratory records were reviewed for case finding. A case-control study was conducted. A case patient was defined as someone who underwent knee or shoulder arthroscopy at hospital X during the outbreak period and subsequently developed organ/space SSI due toP. aeruginosa. Cultures of environmental and surgical equipment samples were performed, and selected isolates were analyzed by PFGE. Surgical instrument reprocessing practices were reviewed, and surgical instrument lumens were inspected with a borescope after reprocessing to assess cleanliness.Results.The case-control study did not identify any significant patient-related or operator-related risk factors. P. aeruginosa grew from 62 of 388 environmental samples. An isolate from the gross decontamination sink had a PFGE pattern that was indistinguishable from that of the case patient isolates. All surgical instrument cultures showed no growth. Endoscopic evaluation of reprocessed arthroscopic equipment revealed retained tissue in the lumen of both the inflow/outflow cannulae and arthroscopic shaver handpiece. No additional cases occurred after changes in instrument reprocessing protocols were implemented. After this outbreak, the US Food and Drug Administration released a safety alert about the concern regarding retained tissue within arthroscopic shavers.Conclusions.These SSIs were likely related to surgical instrument contamination with P. aeruginosa during instrument reprocessing. Retained tissue in inflow/outflow cannulae and shaver handpieces could have allowed bacteria to survive sterilization procedures.

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