Neighborhood Effects on Speculative Behavior

Author(s):  
Todd Mitton ◽  
Keith Vorkink ◽  
Ian Wright
2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Mitton ◽  
Keith Vorkink ◽  
Ian Wright

Author(s):  
Diane Pecher ◽  
Inge Boot ◽  
Saskia van Dantzig ◽  
Carol J. Madden ◽  
David E. Huber ◽  
...  

Previous studies (e.g., Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Wagenmakers, 2005) found that semantic classification performance is better for target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the same semantic class (e.g., living) compared to target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the opposite semantic class (e.g., nonliving). In the present study we investigated the contribution of phonology to orthographic neighborhood effects by comparing effects of phonologically congruent orthographic neighbors (book-hook) to phonologically incongruent orthographic neighbors (sand-wand). The prior presentation of a semantically congruent word produced larger effects on subsequent animacy decisions when the previously presented word was a phonologically congruent neighbor than when it was a phonologically incongruent neighbor. In a second experiment, performance differences between target words with versus without semantically congruent orthographic neighbors were larger if the orthographic neighbors were also phonologically congruent. These results support models of visual word recognition that assume an important role for phonology in cascaded access to meaning.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Liversedge ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Weijin Han ◽  
Kevin B. Paterson

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Ryan ◽  
Victor M. Araujo ◽  
Johanna Martinez

Author(s):  
Danya E. Keene ◽  
Mark B. Padilla

An emerging literature on spatial stigma suggests that negative representations of place may adversely affect the health of individuals who reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods. This chapter reviews the literature on spatial stigma as it relates to neighborhood health inequality. The chapter draws on existing neighborhood research to describe the processes that may connect spatial stigma to health and the ways that spatial stigma is experienced and managed within neighborhoods. It also reviews existing empirical literature that connects measures of spatial stigma to health outcomes, including hypertension. Although the growing literature on spatial stigma represents a new concept for the study of neighborhood effects, it also represents a fundamental departure from this literature.


Author(s):  
Fabiana Espíndola Ferrer

This chapter is an ethnographic case study of the social integration trajectories of youth living in two stigmatized and poor neighborhoods in Montevideo. It explains the linkages between residential segregation and social inclusion and exclusion patterns in unequal urban neighborhoods. Most empirical neighborhood research on the effects of residential segregation in contexts of high poverty and extreme stigmatization have focused on its negative effects. However, the real mechanisms and mediations influencing the so-called neighborhood effects of residential segregation are still not well understood. Scholars have yet to isolate specific neighborhood effects and their contribution to processes of social inclusion and exclusion. Focusing on the biographical experiences of youth in marginalized neighborhoods, this ethnography demonstrates the relevance of social mediations that modulate both positive and negative residential segregation effects.


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