This chapter focuses on the increase in the amount of litigation and enforcement actions against private investment funds in the United States, the UK, and across the globe as a result of the global financial crisis. As more disputes arose during the course of the global financial crisis, the legal and regulatory regime impacting private investment funds has been the subject of closer scrutiny than has been seen in previous decades. The chapter first considers the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) enforcement actions against hedge funds as well as U.S. civil litigation prior to the financial crisis before discussing Dodd-Frank and its effect on enforcement. It then examines the SEC’s enforcement actions regarding broker-dealer registration, along with some of its key enforcement actions after Dodd-Frank. It also analyses the Financial Conduct Authority’s enforcement priorities after the global financial crisis and key litigation in the UK involving private investment funds.