Ownership complexity and loan quality: Evidence for listed commercial banks in Vietnam

This paper examines the relationship among aspects of bank ownership complexity, including ownership dispersion and type, and the quality of bank loan portfolio. The data used for analysis is an unbalanced panel consisting of 13 listed commercial banks in Vietnam for the period of 2010 - 2019. The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio is used as an indicator of loan quality. The results showed that ownership dispersion, calculation based on the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index of large shareholding, improves the loan quality. Foreign ownership is also found to have positive impact on the loan quality. However, there is no relationship established between government ownership and loan quality.

Bank Ownership vs Credit Growth: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Commercial Banks

This paper is aimed at analyzing the relationship between bank ownership and credit growth of Vietnamese commercial banks. With the data of 20 commercial banks in period 2009-2018 period, the REM method is applied. The key findings are: First, credit growth rate of state-owned commercial banks in Vietnam is higher than of private commercial banks, which is opposite to the expected signal. The main reasons are (i) decision making of state-owned commercial banks on lending are backed by the government, which is more straight-forward than private banks; (ii) State Bank of Vietnam considers credit policy as one of the important monetary policy tools, of which state-owned commercial banks are the key drivers; (iii) state-owned commercial banks have stable and cheap funding sources, which create the good base for expanding credit with cheap interest rates. Second, asset size does not have any impact on credit growth. Credit growth rates are determined by the bank’s overall performance and maximum growth rate set by State Bank of Vietnam, not on assets. Third, the other bank-specific factors are statistically significant with credit growth, of which liquidity and ROA have the strongest influences. Recommendations for better credit growth management of commercial banks include: (i) State Bank of Vietnam and the Government to ensure soundness of the banking system, including applying the Basel II requirements to all banks; and establish more support packages in order to boost the lending activities of privately-owned banks. (ii) Commercial banks to reduce its non-performing loans in order to stimulate the growth in lending. Keywords: bank liquidity, bank ownership, credit growth, non-performing loans, ROA.

Bank ownership structure and reputation through sustainability reporting in Indonesia

Purpose This paper aims to find empirical evidence of bank ownership structures on bank reputation through the mediating role of sustainability reporting (SR) in Indonesian banking sector. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses purposive sampling to obtain 279 observations from 43 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2012–2018. This study uses structure equation modelling analysis in the AMOS software and intervening test from the Sobel test to investigate the direct and indirect effect in this research model. Findings The empirical results evidence: foreign, government and public ownership exhibit significant positive effect on SR but not with family ownership; SR positively affects bank reputation; SR appears as a mediator in which foreign, government and public ownership have a positive effect on the bank reputation through the indirect effect of SR while family ownership exhibits insignificant result. Practical implications The practical contribution of this study is that SR is proven to increase bank reputation through the legitimation from the public, so the management must properly pay attention by publishing this report. Originality/value This study provides several novelties to the literature: SR is used as a mediator in the relationships between bank ownership and reputation in which there is very limited studies investigating these aspects, especially in Indonesia. In addition, most SR studies in Indonesia still focus on SR determinants rather than its impact; customer deposits are used as a measurement basis of the bank reputation as it reflects better the trust and perception of the market so that it is relevant with the reputation level.

Effects of Service Justice, Quality, Social Influence and Corporate Image on Service Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Moderating Effect of Bank Ownership

Today, the banking sector plays a significant role due to the substantial increase in the number of banks and has become an intensely competitive field. The purpose of this paper is to strengthen knowledge of retail banking services by finding the interrelationships between service justice, service quality, social influence, and corporate image concerning service satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, we sought to determine the moderating effect of bank ownership (i.e., state-owned and private sector banks) on the above relationships. Data were collected at random through online surveys that were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Empirical findings revealed that service justice and quality have a significant effect on service satisfaction and customer loyalty. Social influence has a significant effect on customer loyalty, but not on service satisfaction; however, corporate image is positively related to service satisfaction, but not to customer loyalty. Understandably, service satisfaction was assumed to have a fundamental relationship to consumer loyalty. However, moderation results indicated that state or private sector ownership of banks was an equally important moderating factor for almost all dimensions relevant to customer loyalty, other than service justice, social influence, and service satisfaction. The study presents theoretical contributions and considers the managerial implications for banking services that are potentially applicable to other financial institutions.

BANK OWNERSHIP, MODE OF ENTRY, AND CREDIT ALLOCATION TO MSMEs

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have strategic roles in economic structure, especially in developing countries, so, they need supports from the banking industry, including foreign banks, by giving loans they need. This study aims to find the effect of bank ownership and mode of entry on credit allocation to MSMEs. We use 110 samples of conventional commercial banks and 41 samples of foreign-owned banks in Indonesia during 2010-2017, with 686 and 266 observations. The results of multiple regression show that banks with government ownership have higher credit allocation to MSMEs than non-government ownership and banks with foreign ownership have lower credit allocation to MSMEs than domestic ownership. Based on their mode of entry, banks with foreign ownership via greenfield have lower credit allocation to MSMEs than via takeover.