Investigating the Relationship between Supervisory Change and Community Bank Failure in a Competing Risk Framework

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Bank Failure ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Community Bank ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Supervisory Change ◽  
The Relationship

Another Look at the Relationship between Cohabitation and Marriage – The Use of Crude and Net Probabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Peristera ◽  
Gebrenegus Ghilagaber
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Permanent Replacement ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we propose an approach based on the theoretical relationship between crude and net probabilities of marriage in a competing-risk framework. Analyses based on family dynamics among Swedish men born 1936-1964 show that the probabilities of marriage increase if cohabitation was eliminated (and that probabilities of cohabitation increase if marriage was eliminated). Further, the gains in net probabilities increase at the prime ages of family formation (20-28) but are less significant at other ages. Such results support (at least for the data at hand) the argument that informal cohabitation serves as a prelude to marriage rather than a permanent replacement to it.

Corruption and Bank Failure in Ghana Corruption and Bank Failure in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
John Kwaku Mensah Mawutor ◽  
Eric Boachie Yiadom Mphil
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Bank Failure ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

The main objective of this paper is to fill a research gap by examining the relationship between corruption and possibility of bank failure in Ghana. To achieve this objective, the study examined the effect of corruption and bank failure in Ghana. The study finds that bank size, capital, economic well-being, corruption, and profitability are the main determinants of bank failure in Ghana. Specifically, although corruption increases banks' profitability in Ghana, it also has the potential of increasing their vulnerability to fail. This emanates from the fact that corrupt moneys are made for various reasons. Therefore, when the time is due for such moneys to be used for their intended purposes, they have the tendency of reducing the liquidity of banks as well as shocking their stability.

Towards the Human Information Security Firewall

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossouw von Solms ◽  
Matthew Warren
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Security Awareness ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Security Incidents

Human security is often forgotten as a major information security factor. This paper explores the security issues that relate to human security and in particular the relationship to risk. The paper also uses case studies of real life security incidents to show the problems and issues that relate to a younger workforce and their lack of security awareness due to their own background and the use of social systems, such as Facebook. The paper also proposes a risk framework that can be used to understand human security issues.

Community bank product design within an asymmetric competitive market

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J McKee ◽  
Albert Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Community Banks ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Bank ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess product and service arrays of community banks within competitive markets that are impacted by varying sized financial institutions. A cost efficiency model is used to understand the relationship of product offerings and business cycle response upon bank performance. Design/methodology/approach – A cost efficiency model is used to understand the relationship of product offerings and business cycle response upon bank performance. Markets comprised of alternate size and type of financial institutions are compared. Findings – Greater values of X_EFF i when institutions compete are observed in this analysis. Cost efficiency is lowest when community banks are the only institution in the market, and second lowest when credit unions are the only competing institutions. Call report data are analyzed from 1994 to 2013. The number of big banks increases community bank efficiency and efficiency of large banks. Also, the number of community banks does affect big bank cost efficiency. The magnitude of the effect pertaining to the number of community banks upon big bank efficiency is much smaller than that of the number of big banks on community bank efficiency. Originality/value – This study considers cost efficiency and profitability as measures of institution on the performance of a competing institutional type. The modeling approach uses cost efficiency as a method of observing the performance of financial institutions and an explanation of how firms persist, grow, and respond to changes in technology or regulation. The effects of the presence of each type of financial institution on the performance of another type are compared. Situations in which any number of one or more institutional types is present in a market are considered for analysis purposes.

scholarly journals The Association of Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Competing Risk Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205435811987871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Findlay ◽  
Rachael MacIsaac ◽  
Mary Joan MacLeod ◽  
Wendy Metcalfe ◽  
Manish M. Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Stroke is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with hemodialysis (HD) and associated with high mortality rate. In the general population, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke and therapeutic anticoagulation is associated with risk reduction, whereas in ESRD the relationship is less clear. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence of AF on stroke rates and probability in those on HD following competing risk analyses. Design: A national record linkage cohort study. Setting: All renal and stroke units in Scotland, UK. Patients: All patients with ESRD receiving HD within Scotland from 2005 to 2013 (follow-up to 2015). Measurements: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were linked between the Scottish Renal Registry, Scottish Stroke Care Audit, and hospital discharge data. Stroke was defined as a fatal or nonfatal event and mortality derived from national records. Methods: Associations for stroke were determined using competing risk models: the cause-specific hazards model and the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model accounting for the competing risk of death in models of all stroke, ischemic stroke, and first-ever stroke. Results: Of 5502 patients treated with HD with 12 348.6-year follow-up, 363 (6.6%) experienced stroke. The stroke incidence rate was 26.7 per 1000 patient-years. Multivariable regression on the cause-specific hazard for stroke demonstrated age, hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.04 (1.03-1.05); AF, HR (95% CI) = 1.88 (1.25-2.83); prior stroke, HR (95% CI) = 2.29 (1.48-3.54), and diabetes, HR (95% CI) = 1.92 (1.45-2.53); serum phosphate, HR (95% CI) = 2.15 (1.56-2.99); lower body weight, HR (95% CI) = 0.99 (0.98-1.00); lower hemoglobin, HR (95% CI) = 0.88 (0.77-0.99); and systolic blood pressure (BP), HR (95% CI) = 1.01 (1.00-1.02), to be associated with an increased stroke rate. In contrast, the subdistribution HRs obtained following Fine and Gray regression demonstrated that AF, weight, and hemoglobin were not associated with stroke risk. In both models, AF was significantly associated with nonstroke death. Limitations: Our analyses derive from retrospective data sets and thus can only describe association not causation. Data on anticoagulant use are not available. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke in HD patients is high. The competing risk of “prestroke” mortality affects the relationship between AF and risk of future stroke. Trial designs for interventions to reduce stroke risk in HD patients, such as anticoagulation for AF, should take account of competing risks affecting associations between risk factors and outcomes.

scholarly journals Diversification and Community Bank Performance during a Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Estes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Community Banks ◽  
Community Bank ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>Many U.S. banks failed or performed poorly during the recent financial crisis.  Although the costliest failures were large institutions, the majority of failures were community banks (less than $1 billion in total assets).  Community banks, which are considered instrumental in small business lending and employment growth, face different risks and challenges than their larger counterparts, including a lack of economies of scale and scope and exclusion from “too-big-to-fail” status.  These challenges, coupled with the recent failures, motivate research into potential strategies managers can use to improve performance.  This study examined the relationship between three potential diversification strategies and community bank risk-adjusted performance from 2007 to 2011.  Understanding these relationships could improve management’s decision-making, allowing them to choose risk-mitigating strategies during a severe economic downturn.  Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes (HHIs) were calculated as proxies for geographic, activity, and asset diversification.  Multiple regression models for each of the five years were used to calculate the impact of diversification variables on risk-adjusted ROA.  The results show that diversification in all areas is directly related to performance; however, only the asset diversification relationship is significant.  To the extent possible for community banks, diversification may improve risk-adjusted performance.</em></p>

scholarly journals Proton-Pump Inhibitor vs. H2-Receptor Blocker Use and Overall Risk of CKD Progression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Cholin ◽  
Tarek Ashour ◽  
Ali Mehdi ◽  
Jonathan Taliercio ◽  
Remy Daou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Antacid Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remains controversial. Specifically, there is a lack of data evaluating renal outcomes in established CKD patients. The aim of our study is to determine the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or death amongst CKD patients on PPI, histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B), or no anti-acid therapy. Methods: Using our CKD registry, we evaluated the relationship between PPI and H2B use and outcomes amongst patients with CKD (eGFR <60), with at least 2 PCP visits in the year prior. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship between medication groups and overall mortality, while competing risks regression models were used to determine the risk of ESKD with death as a competing risk.Results: 25,455 patients met inclusion criteria and were stratified according to medication group: no antacid therapy (15,961), PPI use (8,646), or H2B use (848). At 4 years, the cumulative incidence of ESKD with death as a competing risk was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7, 2.4), 1.5% (0.8, 2.8), and 1.6%(1.4, 1.9) among PPI, H2B, and no medication respectively (P=0.22). The cumulative incidence of death with ESKD as a competing risk was 17.6% (95% CI: 16.6, 18.6), 16.7% (13.7, 19.8), and 17.3% (16.6, 18.0) (P=0.71).Conclusions: Use of PPI in a CKD population was not associated with increased mortality or progression to ESKD when compared to H2 blocker and to no acid suppressing therapy.

The relationship between alcohol use and dementia: A combined analysis of prospective, individual-participant data from 15 international studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Rachel Visontay ◽  
Nicholas Hoy ◽  
Darren Lipnicki ◽  
John D Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To synthesise international findings on the alcohol-dementia relationship and provide a cross-national comparison of the alcohol-dementia relationship with critical evidence for the relationship between alcohol use and dementia in under-studied populations. Design and setting: Individual participant data meta-analysis of 15 prospective epidemiological cohort studies from countries situated in five continents. Cox regression investigated the dementia risk associated with alcohol use. Sensitivity analyses compared lifetime abstainers with former drinkers, adjusted extensively for demographic and clinical characteristics, and assessed the competing risk of death. Participants: 24,472 community-dwelling individuals without a history of dementia at baseline and at least one follow-up dementia assessment. Main outcome measure: All-cause dementia as determined by clinical interview. Results: During 151,574 person-years of follow-up, there were 2,137 incident cases of dementia (14.1 per 1,000 person-years). In the combined sample, when compared with occasional drinkers (&lt;1.3g/day), the risk for dementia was higher for current abstainers (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.48) and lower for moderate drinkers (25g/day-44.9g/day; HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98). When the combined sample was stratified by sex and gross domestic product, current abstainers had a greater risk of incident dementia when compared with light-to-moderate drinkers in both sexes and in the higher income countries. When comparing lifetime abstainers and former drinkers there were no consistent differences in dementia risk. Among current drinkers, there was no consistent evidence to suggest that the amount of alcohol consumed in later life was significantly associated with dementia risk. Adjusting for additional demographic and clinical covariates, and accounting for competing risk of death, did not substantially affect results. When analysed at the cohort level, there was considerable heterogeneity in the alcohol-dementia relationship. Conclusions: In a large and diverse international sample of older adults, the current study found that abstinence from alcohol is associated with an increased risk for all-cause dementia. Among current drinkers, there was no consistent evidence to suggest that the amount of alcohol consumed in later life was significantly associated with dementia risk.

Do bank independency and diversification affect bank failures in Europe?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-398
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mili ◽  
Anis Khayati ◽  
Amira Khouaja
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Bank Failure ◽  
Bank Failures ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Motivated by agency theory, this paper aims to explore the impact of bank diversification and bank independency on the likelihood of bank failure. The effects of corporate governance (ownership and board structures) are also examined. Design/methodology/approach Logistic regressions are used to explore the role of corporate governance on bank failure risk. This sample covers 608 banks from eight European countries. Findings The results suggest that the well-documented finding that diversification and bank independency may increase bank failure risk does not persist under strong corporate governance mechanism. Thus, to reduce the bank failure risk, diversification should be strongly monitored by the management to avoid excessive risk-taking by shareholders. Originality/value The approach used in this study differs from that used in previous studies from certain perspectives. First, unlike most previous studies that focused on the relationship between bank performance and bank diversification, the impact of income and asset diversification on bank failure is tested. Also, the impact of a combined effect of diversification and corporate governance variables on bank failure is tested. This allows the control for different ownership and board variables as factors that would potentially affect the likelihood of bank failure.

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