Do Trade and Poverty Cause Each Other? Evidence from BRICS

Any two variables that are observable have one or the other form of relationship. This is particularly a statistical relationship. But for a statistical relationship to be cause and effect, a theoretical relationship is important. The theoretical relationship can be quantified to search for the evidence of causality. The possible outcomes can be no causality, unidirectional causality, or bidirectional causality. The present study aims at searching for evidence from BRICS countries regarding trade causing poverty or vice versa. Applied econometrics approach is used in the study. Panel econometric techniques have been employed to identify presence/absence of causality between the variables. Apart from this, the study also uses equality of means to identify whether trade and poverty proxies are symmetrical or asymmetrical. The study finds no causal relationship between trade and poverty for BRICS countries except that poverty headcount at $3.2 per day causes trade balance. With respect to the impact on the GINI index, lowest 10 percent income share and poverty headcount ratios are integral to reduce the inequality in the BRICS countries.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Education and Economic Development Based on PVAR Model

In order to effectively analyze the dynamic relationship between education and economic development, an empirical study on the relationship between education and economic development based on the PVAR model is proposed. This article expounds on the principles, assumptions, identification, and estimation methods of the PVAR model, takes the education level and economic development level as the research object, explains the corresponding variables, and selects the indicators. Using Cobb–Douglas production function as a theoretical model, this article analyzes the theoretical relationship between the education level and economic development level. Based on this theoretical relationship, this article makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between education level and economic development level using the PVAR model. The results show that, on the whole, economic development can drive the development of education, but there are obvious regional differences in the impact of economic growth on the development of education. The impact of economic growth in the eastern region on education is significantly higher than that in the central and western regions. There is an interactive relationship between education level and economic development level, and there is a certain incubation period for education level and economic development level to play their role.

Parental well-being: Another dimension of adult well-being

Since healthy parents are more likely to provide a fulfilling childhood to their children, it seems crucial to examine those aspects of parenthood that add to parental well-being. The present article discusses the theoretical relationship between well-being and parenting within the contemporary social and relational context by underlining how society and children play significant roles in determining parental well-being.

Investment, Financing, Dividend, and Production Policies: Review and Integration

The main purposes of this paper are (i) to review investment, financing, dividend, and production policies in some detail; (ii) to discuss how these four policies are interrelated and integrate these four policies into a composite policy; (iii) to discuss the impacts of financing, dividend, and production policies on the beta coefficient; and (iv) to develop hypotheses to be used for empirical studies on the interaction among financing, dividend, and production policies. A theoretical relationship between beta coefficient and financing, dividend, and production policies is developed. This paper gives an overall view of the four policies used in finance education and research for the last five decades.

Improvements to torque versus tension relationship considering nut dilation effects

Torque as a tightening method is a simple technique that can be used to tighten a bolt to a given pre-load. Therefore, it is important to theoretically derive an accurate torque vs tension relationship for threaded fasteners as this would enable the industry to achieve a reliable pre-load. Various attempts were made to develop a complete theoretical relationship between torque and tension. Due to the thread angle there exists a nut dilation force causing the nut to expand radially out wards. This effect is more prominent in nuts with smaller height (Style 0 hex nut, refer ISO 4035 1 ). This nut dilation force creates a combined frictional effect with the drive torque thus affecting the torque tension relationship. This paper proposes a novel 3D formulation for torque tension relationship taking into consideration the nut dilation effect. This paper further develops new formulae for tightening and loosening torque, retaining torque, tension vs nut rotational angle relationship as well as formula for nut dilation force for both tightening and loosening.

Between the arch and the basket: Queer notes on heterocentric indigenous people in museums and Museology

This paper is dedicated to presenting four notes taken from my field and research notebooks on the relationship between museums, museology and indigenous sexualities dissenting from the western heterosexual matrix. Above all, it seeks to promote a theoretical relationship between LGBT Museology and Indigenous Museology, as well as other ways of thinking about museums related to indigenous peoples. The first note deals with the anti-object of the heterocentered indigenous, that is, the way of understanding the original peoples without sexual dissent from the heterosexual matrix of the West; the second presents the historical contributions about the invention of indigenous sexual dissidences, discussing from colonial records about the ruptures imposed on indigenous societies with regard to the colonization of their se xualities; the third presents the solid basis of the theoretical field of Sociomuseolgia where it would be possible to think of an Indigenous Museology from its intersection with the LGBT Museology; finally, it analyzes some of the main experiences of indigenous outings carried out in the Peruvian Travesti Museum, in the Americans GLBT Historical Society and Field Museum and in the headquarters of the SOMOSGay group, in Paraguay, indicating, with this, cases where the relationship between sexual dissidents, indigenous peoples and Museology were problematized in an efficient or promising way. At the same time, I question the power and possible paths of an LGBT Museology intersected with an Indigenous Museology. This relationship is justified by the need to overcome the violent colonial inheritances that the process of inventing indigenous sexual dissidences has left today. Keywords: Indigenous people; Museology; LGBT; Queer Theory

Realization of Multimode OAM Beams with Almost the Same Divergence Angles

This paper proposes a new method of realizing multimode OAM beams with almost the same divergence angles. The theoretical relationship between the divergence angle of the OAM beam and its radiation source is presented, and the radiation source distributions for various mode OAM beams with the same divergence angle range are discussed. In order to verify this method, an eight-mode OAM antenna constructed by a bifocal parabolic reflector and dual OAM feeds is designed and simulated. The simulation results show that the divergence angle ranges of 3 dB beamwidth for OAM modes l = ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 3 , ± 4 are 2 . 2 ° , 4 . 6 ° , 2.2 ° , 5.0 ° , 2.4 ° , 4.4 ° , and 2.6 ° , 4.8 ° , the divergence angles corresponding to the maximum beam directions are 3.5 ° , 3.6 ° , 3.5 ° , and 3.8 ° , respectively, and the maximum difference is within 0.3 ° .

A theoretical relationship between probabilistic relative operating characteristic skill and deterministic correlation skill in dynamical seasonal climate prediction

Understanding the relationship between probabilistic and deterministic prediction skills is of important significance for the study of seasonal forecasting and verification. Based on the Brier skill score methodology, we have previously found a theoretical relationship between the probabilistic resolution skill and the deterministic correlation (i.e., anomaly correlation; AC) skill and a lack of necessary or consistent relationship between the probabilistic reliability skill and the deterministic skill in dynamical seasonal prediction. Here, we further theoretically investigate the relationship between the probabilistic relative operating characteristic (ROC) skill and the deterministic skill. The ROC measures the discrimination attribute of probabilistic forecast quality, another important attribute besides the resolution and reliability. With some simplified assumptions, we first derive theoretical expressions for the hit and false-alarm rates that are basic ingredients for the ROC curve, then demonstrate a sole dependence of the ROC curve on the AC, and finally analytically derive a relationship between the related ROC score and the AC. Such a theoretically derived ROC-AC relationship is further examined using dynamical models’ ensemble seasonal hindcasts, which is well verified. The finding here along with our previous findings implies that the discrimination and resolution attributes of probabilistic seasonal forecast skill are intrinsically equivalent to the corresponding deterministic skill, while the reliability appears to be the fundamental attribute of the probabilistic skill that differs from the deterministic skill, which constitutes an understanding of the fundamental similarities and difference between the two types of seasonal forecasting skills and predictability and can offer important implications for the study of seasonal forecasting and verification.

Calibration of thermopile heat flux gauges using a physically-based equation

A thermopile, in which a number of thermocouple junctions are arranged on either side of a thin layer of insulation, is commonly used to determine the heat flux for steady-state measurements. Gauges using this method are available commercially and a new, generic calibration method is described here. For this purpose, an equation based on physical properties has been derived to determine the theoretical relationship between the measured voltage output of the gauge and the heat flux through it. An experimental rig has been built and used to calibrate gauges under steady-state conditions for heat fluxes between 0.5 and 8 kW/m2. The gauge temperature was controlled between 30 and 110 °C, and voltage-flux correlation – based on the theoretical relationship – was determined using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). For tests with constant gauge temperature, there was a linear relationship between the voltage and heat flux; owing to the temperature dependency of the Seebeck constants of the thermoelectric materials, the voltage increased with increasing gauge temperature. In all cases, there was very good agreement between the measured and correlated values, and the overall uncertainty of the correlation was estimated to be less than 5% of the measured heat flux.