scholarly journals The Underground Economy in the U.S.A.: Preliminary New Evidence on the Impact of Income Tax Rates (and Other Factors) on Aggregate Tax Evasion 1975-2008

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Hidden Treasure

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (286) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Beer ◽  
Maria Coelho ◽  
Sebastien Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Finite Mixture Model ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Secrecy

We analyze the impact of exchange of information in tax matters in reducing international tax evasion between 1995 and 2018. Based on bilateral deposit data for 39 reporting countries and more than 200 counterparty jurisdictions, we find that recent automatic exchange of information frameworks reduced foreign-owned deposits in offshore jurisdictions by an average of 25 percent. This effect is statistically significant and, as expected, much larger than the effect of information exchange upon request, which is not significant. Furthermore, to test the sensitivity of our findings, we estimate countries’ offshore status and the impact of information exchange simultaneously using a finite mixture model. The results confirm that automatic (and not upon request) exchange of information impacts cross-border deposits in offshore jurisdictions, which are characterized by low income tax rates and strong financial secrecy.

scholarly journals ESTIMACIÓN DE LA BRECHA TRIBUTARIA PARA COLOMBIA: MEDIDAS PROACTIVAS PARA SU REDUCCIÓN

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (317) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Álvaro Andrés Vernazza Páez ◽  
A. Javier Prado Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

<p>Mediante el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), en este artículo presentamos nueva evidencia de la sensibilidad de la brecha tributaria de Colombia a la evasión tributaria entre 1987 y 2018. Al formular tres variables latentes conexas a la evasión tributaria: 1) inestabilidad macroeconómica (<em>EIM</em>), 2) incumplimiento en el impuesto sobre la renta (<em>EIRC</em>) y 3) economía sumergida (<em>ESE</em>) se evidencia el impacto en el ingreso público tributario <em>(IPT)</em>, revelando la urgencia de proponer mecanismos proactivos que reduzcan la brecha tributaria (<em>BT</em>).</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">ESTIMATION OF COLOMBIA’S TAX GAP: PROACTIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE IT</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) new evidence of the sensitivity of tax gap in Colombia, as a consequence of tax evasion between 1970 and 2018, is here presented. While formulating three latent variables related to tax evasion: 1) macroeconomic instability (EIM), 2) non-compliance with income tax (EIRC) and 3) underground economy (ESE), the impact on public tax revenue (IPT) is shown, revealing the urgency of proposing proactive mechanisms to reduce the tax gap.</p>

scholarly journals Does the Tax System Reduce Tax Evasion in Light of the Governance Mechanisms? Evidence From Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Ashraf Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Awareness Level

This study aims to measure the impact of tax system elements on reducing the tax evasion, in light of the governance mechanisms in Jordan. The study sample consists of (140) tax auditors at the Jordanian Income tax and sales department, and to achieve the study objectives the researcher designed a questionnaire and distributed it on the study sample members. Study results show that elements of the tax system (tax legislations, tax administration, and Taxpayer) have a positive impact on reducing the tax evasion, in light of governance mechanisms. study recommends the need to raise the tax awareness level among members of the Taxpayer, work to reduce the continuation of making adjustments on tax laws and legislation, and give a sufficient period of time to ensure that desired economic and social impact being achieved from these adjustments, with the need to announce the official statistics of tax evasion’s figures and ratios, because the unofficial statistics on tax evasion have been tarnished by some exaggeration where work should concentrate on increasing penalties of tax evaders.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AND ALLOCATION OF TAXES

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Gwartney ◽  
Robert A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Marginal Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Using a sample of seventy-seven countries, this paper focuses on marginal tax rates and the income thresholds at which they apply to examine how the tax changes of the 1980s and 1990s have influenced economic growth, the distribution of income, and the share of taxes paid by various income groups. Many countries substantially reduced their highest marginal rates during the 1985-1995 period. The findings indicate that countries that reduced their highest marginal rates grew more rapidly than those that maintained high marginal rates. At the same time, the income distribution in several of the tax cutting countries became more unequal while there was little change or even a reduction in income inequality in most countries that maintained high marginal rates. Finally, the evidence suggests that there was a shift in the payment of the personal income tax away from those with low and middle incomes and toward those with the highest incomes.

scholarly journals Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Bule ◽  
Līga Leitāne ◽  
Kristīne Rozīte
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Income Tax Reform

Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency have been estimated. Findings − the main conclusion of this study is that the aim of the reform has not been achieved: income inequality hasn’t been reduced, an increase of income has been irrelevant, the gains from the reform have become unobtainable for the most unprotected groups because of the insufficient level of income. The implementation of the differentiated non-taxable minimum has generated PIT debts and higher administrative burden. Practical implications − the study may be implemented in case of progressive PIT for the reassessment of the tax framework and its future development. Originality/Value − this study is original, the actual effect of PIT reform in Latvia previously hasn’t been analyzed.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERLAKUAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013 ATAS PAJAK PENGHASILAN PADA UMKM DI GRESIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Faiqotul Ilmia ◽  
Sri Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

In achieving the desired development by Indonesia, the government requires revenue from the State Tax Revenue and Non-Tax Revenues. One of the efforts undertaken by the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) is enacted Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013, the tax base used is the gross turnover of each month at 1 % final income tax rates. The emergence of these regulations is to provide convenience for taxpayers in determining the amount of income tax payable, but enactment of these rules in the middle of giving trouble for taxpayers in the calculation, depositing and reporting taxes for the year 2013. Purpose of this study was to determine the impact of treatment of PP 46 of 2013 on income tax on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gresik skull cap industry. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with the aim of obtaining a picture of the object that is easily observed in the form of words on the focus of research on the impact of the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013. The 3 (three) object of research is no skull cap Industry SMEs in Gresik . Data analysis aims to simplify the data processed, making it easy to read and interpret. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews, documentation. Analysis of the data through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013 not only creates difficulties in terms of computation, depositing and reporting just as effective mid-year, but still there who do not know the regulations in terms of both has been the enactment of these regulations and in terms of the calculation mechanism. As for other effects of the government’s enactment of legislation, namely the amount of income tax payable is higher than the income tax calculations using norm bookkeeping or net income.

scholarly journals ПОДХОДЫ К ВЫБОРУ ПОЛИТИКИ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЫНОЧНЫХ СТИМУЛОВ: ПРИМЕР АРМЕНИИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (30) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Ани Аветисян ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
National Income ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Features of progressive, proportional and regressive types of taxation in the framework of the national income redistribution system are considered. The paper analyzes the literature devoted to the study of the impact of tax types on market incentives. The influence of the system of deductions and social benefits on the level of income inequality of the population and revenues to the state budget is considered. The article presents the income tax system in Armenia, statistics on the level of employment by industry, wages and taxes paid before and after the reform of the transition to the proportional tax scale, which came into force on January 1, 2020. Examples of a number of countries that use differentiation of tax rates depending on marital status are given. The analysis concluded that the weakness of economic regulatory institutions is a more significant factor than the level of tax rates

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