Effect of Demographics, Personality Traits, and Financial Literacy on Risk Tolerance and Behavioral Biases in Individual Investors of Pakistan Stock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurat-ul-ain Jameel ◽  
Danish Ahmed Siddiqui
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2, special issue) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Amr Youssef ◽  
Passent Tantawi ◽  
Mohamed Ragheb ◽  
Mohammad Saeed

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the dimensions of financial literacy could affect the behavioral biases of individual investors in the Egyptian stock exchange. The study examines the data collected from 403 individual investors in Egypt. The findings revealed the presence of some kinds of behavioral biases among individual investors in the Egyptian stock exchange, which could be categorized into three main categories: belief perseverance biases, information processing biases, and emotional biases (Pompian, 2012). This supports the view that individual investors do not necessarily act rationally. The findings also support the general view that financial literacy has a negative effect on behavioral biases; however, the effect differs between the categories of the behavioral biases, with the most effect on information processing biases, moderate effect on belief perseverance biases, and low effect on emotional biases. Also, this study indicated that the impact of financial literacy on behavioral biases is greater on females than males (Baker, Kumar, Goyal, & Gaur, 2019). Financial intermediaries and consultants can possibly become more effective by understanding the decision-making processes of individual investors. This study adds to the limited academic research that attempted to tackle the impact of financial literacy on the categories of behavioral biases


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetika Madaan ◽  
Sanjeet Singh

Individual investor’s behavior is extensively influenced by various biases that highlighted in the growing discipline of behavior finance. Therefore, this study is also one of another effort to assess the impact of behavioral biases in investment decision-making in National Stock Exchange. A questionnaire is designed and through survey responses collected from 243 investors. The present research has applied inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. In the existing study, four behavioral biases have been reviewed namely, overconfidence, anchoring, disposition effect and herding behavior. The results show that overconfidence and herding bias have significant positive impact on investment decision. Overall results conclude that individual investors have limited knowledge and more prone towards making psychological errors. The findings of the study also indicate the existence of these four behavioral biases on individual investment decisions. This study will be helpful to financial intermediaries to advice their clients. Further, study can be elaborated to study other behavioral biases on investment decisions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Sadiq ◽  
Hareem Amna

This article investigates the relationships between personality traits, risk tolerance, and investment decisions and highlights the importance of personality traits in determining risk tolerance levels and investment decisions. Personality traits are classified according to the Big Five taxonomy: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Primary data was collected from 330 individual investors from Islamabad. Descriptive analysis of the data was run on SPSS, reliability of the constructs was assessed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whereas, Structural Equational Modelling (SEM) was used to conduct hypothesis testing through path analysis. As per the results of CFA, the constructs were found to be reliable. Mediation analysis confirmed that risk tolerance partially mediated the relationship between personality traits and investment decisions. This study and results have theoretical and practical implications for the investors, financial planners and managers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Saloni Raheja ◽  
Babli Dhiman

Purpose In earlier studies, research has shown that EI is the only element, which influences the ways in which people develop in their lives, jobs and social skills control their emotions and get along with other people. It is EI that dictates the way people deal with one another and understand emotions. The research gap is to explore the impact of behavioral factors and investors psychology on their investment decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The information was gathered from 500 financial specialists. The region of research was the financial specialists who contribute through LSC Securities Ltd. in Punjab State. The purposive testing system was used in this examination. Findings The investigation found that the positive connection between the conduct predispositions of the financial specialists and venture choices of the speculators and positive connection between enthusiastic insight of the financial specialists and their venture choices. Yet, the authors found that the enthusiastic insight better foresees the venture choices of the financial specialists than the conduct predispositions of the speculators. Among the different elements of conduct inclinations of the speculator’s lament and carelessness are identified with the financial specialist’s venture choices. Among the various estimations of eager understanding – care, dealing with emotions, motivation, empathy and social aptitudes are related to the hypothesis decisions of the monetary pros. Research limitations/implications The sample selection was based on purposive sampling, rather than a random probability sample. The sample was area specific, restricted only to Ludhiana Stock Exchange in Punjab state. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized with certainty to all the investors investing through other exchanges in other states. The inferences are based on the assumption that the data provided by the investors are true and correct. The findings may be relevant for other stock exchanges as that of the Ludhiana Stock Exchange. However, the authors do not claim the generalization of the results. Practical implications This study also helps to understand the relationship between investment decision-making and risk tolerance of investors. It will helpful for the financial advisors to know the behavioral biases of investors while making an investment decision, and therefore, they can advise investors properly to mitigate such biases. It may help the investors in understanding the subjective part of their behavior and control their emotions while taking decisions for their investment in stock market options. Social implications This research will help investment advisors and finance professionals to judge investors’ attitudes toward risk in a better way, which leads to better investment decisions. Originality/value This study is my own study and it is original and has not been published anywhere.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Nasira Perveen ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Faiza Liaqat

Investment decisions could be affected by behavioral biases associated with personal characteristics. This study empirically investigates the effect of personal characteristics on investors’ investment decision through risk tolerance. Furthermore, investment experience moderates the nexus between personal characteristics and risk tolerance. The scale consisting of 24 items was used related to selected constructs and variables. Data was collected form 175 individual investors of Pakistan Stock Exchange. PLS-SEM was used to make statistical analysis. The findings indicate that extraversion has substantial positive impact on investment decisions. Moreover, risk tolerance partially mediates the relationship between extroversion and investment decisions. The relationship between introversion and investment decisions is negative and risk tolerance partially mediates the aforesaid relationship. Furthermore, it is statistically proved that investment experience substantially moderates the association between extraversion and risk tolerance. However, investment experience does not play any conditional role in the association between introversion and risk tolerance. This study can be helpful for financial advisors to provide best consultancy to their clients (investors), while considering their personal characteristics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205
Author(s):  
Amir Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Umer Quddoos ◽  
Usama Kalim ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh

This study aims at understanding the relationships of certain behavioral biases with the investment performance, and identifies the moderating role of financial literacy upon these hypothesized relationships. Data is collected through questionnaire from the investors trading at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the data with the results that only anchoring and overconfidence biases have significant effects on investment performance. The results also show that presence of financial literacy does not play any role in improving the performance of investors. Majorly, findings of current study contribute by testing the moderating role of financial literacy between the behavioral biases and the outcome of investment decisions and thus expected to be useful for investors and policy makers.  


2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kent Baker ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Nisha Goyal

Purpose This paper examines the relation between the Big Five model of personality traits and behavioral biases (overconfidence, disposition effect, anchoring, representativeness, metal accounting, emotional bias and herding) of Indian individual investors when making investment decisions. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from 515 stock investors in India between August 2016 and January 2017. Based on components identified through factor analysis, the authors use structural equation modeling to examine the effect of specific personality traits. Findings The findings indicate a significant association between the traits of neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness as well as behavioral biases of individual investors. Openness has a significant relation with only mental accounting and the agreeableness trait has no relation with the behavioral biases examined. Research limitations/implications The findings imply that understanding investor personality differences and investment psychology can help financial advisors and wealth managers modify products and services to better suit client needs. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the impact of the Big Five model of personality traits on various behavioral biases among Indian investors.


GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Nidhi Jain ◽  
Dr. Bikrant Kesari

It is very necessary for the judgment on financial investment adopted by professional investors to be able to face behavioral biases by recognition of their own psychological traits as well as to take account of their own investment risk tolerance levels. In this research, a survey has been used to assess the association among personality traits, behavioral bias as well as investment risk toleration. The research paper dataset was shortlisted from individual investors who work or operate on capital/finance markets. Chi-square assessments and multivariate regression analysis evaluated the predictions established during the research. Depending on the hypothesis analysis, there was a positive relationship among investor’s behavioral traits as well as behavioral perceptions, as well as the personality characteristics of investment companies that impacted their tolerance levels to potential risk.


2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950020
Author(s):  
Naveeda K. Katper ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Nazima Abdul Karim ◽  
Syeda Zinnaira Zia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decision, and the interaction effect of socio-demographic characteristics. Data were collected from a sample of 179 individual investors in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The authors conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of socio-demographic variables on behavioral biases. The results show that behavioral biases have a significant impact on investors’ decision-making. Moreover, socio-demographic variables (education, occupation and marital status) moderate the relationship between emotional biases and investors’ decision-making. This study provides a new addition to prior literature by investigating the impact of behavioral biases on investors’ decision-making, and the interaction effect of socio-demographic characteristics.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Rzeszutek

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate whether susceptibility to selected behavioral biases (overconfidence, mental accounting and sunk-cost fallacy) is correlated with the Eysenck’s [1978] personality traits (impulsivity, venturesomeness, and empathy). This study was conducted on a sample of 90 retail investors frequently investing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Participants filled out a survey made up of two parts: 1) three situational exercises, which assessed susceptibility to behavioral biases and 2) an Impulsiveness Questionnaire, which measures impulsivity, venturesomeness, and empathy. The results demonstrated the relationship between venturesomeness and susceptibility to all behavioral biases explored in this study. We find that higher level of venturesomeness was linked with a lower probability of all behavioral biases included in this study.


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