The Fundament of the Mass and Effects of the Gravitation on a Particle and Light in the Mass, Time, Distance, Velocity, Frequency, Wavelength: Variant Mass for a Particle which emits Gravitational Energy for a Particle Orbiting a large Planet or Sun and for a Binary Star and Variant Frequency for the Light Passing Close a Gravitational Field from a Massive Object (Sun)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Alcocer
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Massive Object ◽  
Variant Frequency ◽  
Time Distance

scholarly journals The fate of binary stars hosting planets upon interaction with Sgr A* black hole

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (2) ◽  
pp. 1545-1553
Author(s):  
R Capuzzo-Dolcetta ◽  
N Davari
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Binary Stars ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Massive Object ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
Sgr A

ABSTRACT Our Galaxy hosts a very massive object at its centre, often referred to as the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. Its gravitational tidal field is so intense that it can strip apart a binary star passing its vicinity and accelerate one of the components of the binary as hypervelocity star (HVS) and grab the other star as S-star. Taking into consideration that many binary star systems are known to host planets, in this paper we aim to broaden the study of the close interaction of binary stars and their planetary systems with Sgr A* massive object. Results are obtained via a high-precision N-body code including post-Newtonian approximation. We quantify the likelihood of capture and ejection of stars and planets after interaction with Sgr A*, finding that the fraction of stars captured around it is about three times that of the planets (∼49.4 per cent versus ∼14.5 per cent) and the fraction of hypervelocity planet ejection is about twice that of HVSs (∼21.7 per cent versus ∼9.0 per cent). The actual possibility of observational counterparts deserves further investigation.

About the Gravitational Field and the Gravitational Energy of a Charged Particle with Field Mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2176
Author(s):  
M. Sh. Pevzner
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Field Mass

scholarly journals The Fundamental Discussion between Newton and Einstein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Light Theory

Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein lived in fundamentally different time frames. An interesting question would be: “Who would win the fundamental discussion about the interaction between gravity and light”? Einstein or Newton? Einstein with the fundamental concept of a “curved space-time continuum” within a gravitational field. Or Newton with the fundamental “3rd law of equilibrium between the forces (force-densities)”. It is still the question who was right? Einstein or Newton? Einstein assumes a deformation of the space-time continuum because of a gravitational field. But in general a deformation of any medium will be caused by the change of the energy density within the medium. Like the speed of sound will increase/ decrease when we change the air pressure. However, the speed of sound (which became higher or lower) will still be the same in any direction. The change of the speed of sound will be omni-directional.A gravitational field contains a gravitational energy-density. For that reason the change in the speed of light will be omni-directional within a gravitational field (with a omni-directional gravitational energy density). Einstein however assumes a one-directional change in the speed of light, (only in the direction of the gravitational field). When the change of the speed of light was omni-directional, a beam of light would never be deflected by a gravitational field which is in contradiction with what we measure. Only the absolute value of the speed of light would change omni-directional.The theory of Newton however results in the theory of a 2-directional inertia of photons. The inertia of photons equals zero only in the direction of propagation. Perpendicular to the direction of propagation the mass density of photons is according Einstein’s E = m c^2).The inertia of photons in the direction of propagation will not change within a gravitational field. Gravity can only interact with mass (inertia). Because the mass of the photons in the direction of propagation equals zero, there will ne no interaction with the gravitational field and the photon in the direction of propagation. The speed of light in the direction of propagation will remain unaltered. But according Newton, the photon will have inertia (mass) in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and for that reason the photon will interact with the gravitational field and the photon will be deflected, only in the direction of the gravitational field.And that leads to the consequence that photons will be deflected within a gravitational field when the direction of the gravitational field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the photons.To find fundamental mathematical evidence for this concept, we have to make use of Quantum Light Theory. Quantum Light Theory (QLT) is the development in Quantum Field Theory (QFT). In Quantum Field Theory, the fundamental interaction fields are replacing the concept of elementary particles in Classical Quantum Mechanics. In Quantum Light Theory the fundamental interaction fields are being replaced by One Single Field. The Electromagnetic Field, generally well known as Light. To realize this theoretical concept, the fundamental theory has to go back in time 300 years, the time of Isaac Newton to follow a different path in development. Nowadays experiments question more and more the fundamental concepts in Quantum Field Theory and Classical Quantum Mechanics. The publication “Operational Resource Theory of Imaginarity“ in “Physical Review Letters” in 2021 (Ref. [2]) presenting the first experimental evidence for the measurability of “Quantum Mechanical Imaginarity” directly leads to the fundamental question in this experiment: How is it possible to measure the imaginary part of “Quantum Physical Probability Waves”? This publication provides an unambiguously answer to this fundamental question in Physics, based on the fundamental “Gravitational Electromagnetic Interaction” force densities. The “Quantum Light Theory” presents a new “Gravitational-Electromagnetic Equation” describing Electromagnetic Field Configurations which are simultaneously the Mathematical Solutions for the Quantum Mechanical “Schrodinger Wave Equation” and more exactly the Mathematical Solutions for the “Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Dirac Equation”. The Mathematical Solutions for the “Gravitational-Electromagnetic Equation” carry Mass, Electric Charge and Magnetic Spin at discrete values.

scholarly journals Time delay of radiation from pulsar in a binary system that moves in field of Schwarzschild black hole

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Komarov ◽  
Alexander Gorbatsievich ◽  
Alexander Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽  
External Gravitational Field ◽  
Compact Binary

A compact binary star that moves in a strong external gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole is considered. Decomposition of the redshift into a series with respect to the size of the binary system is obtained. This expression is used to calculate the redshift for a model binary system. Possible application of the results is discussed.

Scalar Field Condensation in a Gravitational Field of a Massive Object

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Senatorov ◽  
D N Voskresensky
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Massive Object

scholarly journals Binary Systems as X-Ray Sources: A Review

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Binary Stars ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Galaxy

The observational properties of Sco X-1, Cyg X-2, and Cen X-3 are reviewed in connection with the hypothesis that X-ray power is derived from gravitational energy released when matter is accreted onto the surface of one component in a mass transfer binary star. Evolutionary mechanisms for producing suitable types of binaries are considered. The following boundary conditions on possible evolutionary models are also treated briefly: (1) a quite significant fraction of hard X-ray sources are associated with the nuclear bulge of the galaxy; (2) mass-transfer binaries such as U Gem stars are not hard X-ray sources; (3) counts of binary stars lead to a considerably larger number of X-ray source candidates than are actually observed.

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