The Relationship between the Indivisibility of Labor, the Wage Equation and the Hazard Rate of Unemployment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Das ◽  
Shrabana Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Wage Equation ◽  
The Relationship

Stochastic comparisons of series and parallel systems with independent heterogeneous Gumbel and truncated Gumbel components

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Kızılaslan
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Parallel Systems ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Series System ◽  
Stochastic Comparisons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reversed Hazard Rate ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic comparisons of the parallel system with independent heterogeneous Gumbel components and series and parallel systems with independent heterogeneous truncated Gumbel components in terms of various stochastic orderings.Design/methodology/approachThe obtained results in this paper are obtained by using the vector majorization methods and results. First, the components of series and parallel systems are heterogeneous and having Gumbel or truncated Gumbel distributions. Second, multiple-outlier truncated Gumbel models are discussed for these systems. Then, the relationship between the systems having Gumbel components and Weibull components are considered. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to illustrate some obtained results.FindingsThe reversed hazard rate and likelihood ratio orderings are obtained for the parallel system of Gumbel components. Using these results, similar new results are derived for the series system of Weibull components. Stochastic comparisons for the series and parallel systems having truncated Gumbel components are established in terms of hazard rate, likelihood ratio and reversed hazard rate orderings. Some new results are also derived for the series and parallel systems of upper-truncated Weibull components.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge thus far, stochastic comparisons of series and parallel systems with Gumbel or truncated Gumble components have not been considered in the literature. Moreover, new results for Weibull and upper-truncated Weibull components are presented based on Gumbel case results.

scholarly journals On the relationship between the reversed hazard rate and elasticity

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto J. Veres-Ferrer ◽  
Jose M. Pavía
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Reversed Hazard Rate ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Parametric Regression Models Using Reversed Hazard Rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asokan Mulayath Variyath ◽  
P. G. Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Reversed Hazard Rate ◽  
Rate Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parametric Regression Models

Proportional hazard regression models are widely used in survival analysis to understand and exploit the relationship between survival time and covariates. For left censored survival times, reversed hazard rate functions are more appropriate. In this paper, we develop a parametric proportional hazard rates model using an inverted Weibull distribution. The estimation and construction of confidence intervals for the parameters are discussed. We assess the performance of the proposed procedure based on a large number of Monte Carlo simulations. We illustrate the proposed method using a real case example.

Pharmacokinetics of gefitinib predicts the antitumor activity for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2009-2009
Author(s):  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
K. Sano ◽  
M. Fukuda ◽  
H. Takatani ◽  
S. Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

2009 Background: Little is known about the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of gefitinib. Methods: Plasma trough levels of gefitinib were measured on days 0, 3 (D3), and 8 (D8) by HPLC in advanced NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib 250 mg daily. Eligibility criteria included: performance status (PS) ≤ 3, age ≤ 80, stage IIIB-IV, and written informed consent. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled, and 44 patients were assessable. The median [25%-75%] values of D3 and D8 was 662 [440–937] and 1064 [782–1405] ng/ml, respectively. D8/D3 rate was categorized by 1.587 of the median value. In 44 patients, the median time to progression (TTP) was 83 days, and the median overall survival (OS) was 224 days. The differences in TTP were compared by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test: D8/D3 (high D8/D3, median 209 days vs. low D8/D3, 43 days; P = 0.0299), smoking (never-smokers, 224 days vs. smokers, 32 days; P = 0.0467), and histology (adenocarcinoma, 97 days vs. non-adenocarcinoma, 27 days; P = 0.0096). Sex, age, PS, previous treatments, and the use of antacids were not significant. Multivariate analysis showed that TTP was associated with D8/D3 (hazard rate, 95%CI; 0.458, 0.234–0.898) and smoking (2.005, 1.030–3.903). Never-smokers with high D8/D3 showed the best TTP, and smokers with low D8/D3 showed the worst TTP. Never-smokers with low D8/D3 and smokers with high D8/D3 showed similar TTP curves. In contrast, OS was associated with smoking (hazard rate, 95%CI; 3.182, 1.506–6.724), but not D8/D3. Conclusions: High D8/D3 was independently associated with better TTP in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients. Our findings suggest that pharmacokinetics of gefitinib may be involved in its anti-tumor activity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Prediction of Financial Vulnerability to Funding Instability

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Burde ◽  
Ahron Rosenfeld ◽  
Zachary Sheaffer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
Financial Vulnerability ◽  
Shape Curve ◽  
Governmental Funding ◽  
Organization Failure ◽  
The Relationship

Financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations arising from governmental funding instability is examined using hazard analysis. Funding instability is characterized by time-at-risk, and vulnerability is expressed by hazard rate measuring the speed of nonprofit organizations closure. The analysis provides estimation of instantaneous probability of a nonprofit organization failure at a given point in time. Drawing on 2,660 Israeli nonprofit organizations, we found that the relationship between hazard rate and time-at-risk has an inverted U–shape curve; hazard rate increases with time-at-risk, reaches a maximum then descends.

Violation Behavior Analysis of Pedestrian and Non-Motorized Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Pan Hao ◽  
Qing Yu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Hazard Rate Function ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Analysis Software

Behavior-based analysis of the relationship between pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle’s violation was established through empirical study and survival analysis. The nonparametric method which belongs to survival analysis a statistical method combining the result of the event and the time of result complied with the SPSS the data statistical analysis software was used to set up hazard rate function and waiting time survival function and then the regularities of the pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles’ irregularities are obtained. The study is helpful to evaluate the crowd on the influence of the irregularities and provide the basis for urban planning.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

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