Prediction of Financial Vulnerability to Funding Instability

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Burde ◽  
Ahron Rosenfeld ◽  
Zachary Sheaffer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
Financial Vulnerability ◽  
Shape Curve ◽  
Governmental Funding ◽  
Organization Failure ◽  
The Relationship

Financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations arising from governmental funding instability is examined using hazard analysis. Funding instability is characterized by time-at-risk, and vulnerability is expressed by hazard rate measuring the speed of nonprofit organizations closure. The analysis provides estimation of instantaneous probability of a nonprofit organization failure at a given point in time. Drawing on 2,660 Israeli nonprofit organizations, we found that the relationship between hazard rate and time-at-risk has an inverted U–shape curve; hazard rate increases with time-at-risk, reaches a maximum then descends.

The Mediating Role of Identification with a Nonprofit Organization in the Relationship Between Competition and Charitable Behaviors

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jundong Hou ◽  
C. Clifton Eason ◽  
Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Our aim was to demonstrate how competition among nonprofit organizations (NPOs) influences people's charitable behaviors, such as donating and volunteering. We used structural equation modeling to analyze 205 responses from: (a) randomly selected individuals on the donor lists of 3 leading NPOs in China, and (b) students at 3 large universities in China. The results reveal that as competition amongst NPOs increased, the individuals' identification with NPOs became greater. Further, as the respondents' NPO identification increased, their charitable behaviors relative to the organization also increased; thus, identification played a mediating role between competition and donating and/or volunteering. These findings suggest that managers of NPOs can use competition to help potential supporters better identify with those organizations, increasing the likelihood of gaining support by more effectively distinguishing their organization from other NPOs. Given that we found donations were a direct result of identification, advertising efforts should be focused on creating a distinctive NPO identity with which members of the public can relate.

The Democratic Costs of Constitutionalization— The European Case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the democratic costs of constitutionalization by focusing on the European case. It first considers the interdependence of democracy and constitutionalism before discussing how constitutionalization can put democracy at risk. It then explores the tension between democracy and fundamental rights, the constitutionalization of the European treaties, and the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) two separate judgments regarding the relationship between European law and national law. It also assesses the impact of the ECJ’s jurisprudence on democracy, especially in the area of economic integration. The chapter argues that the legitimacy problem the EU faces is caused in part by over-constitutionalization and that the remedy to this problem is re-politicization of decisions with significant political implications.

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

scholarly journals Cycle length of nonsustanied ventricular tachycardias among ICD patients: implications on subsequent appropriate therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Jiménez-Candil ◽  
Olga Duran ◽  
Armando Oterino ◽  
Jendri Pérez ◽  
Juan Carlos Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardias ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background ICD patients with episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVT) are at risk of appropriate therapies. However, the relationship between the cycle length (CL) of such NSVTs and the subsequent incidence of appropriate interventions is unknown. Methods 416 ICD patients with LVEF < 45% were studied. ICD programming was standardized. NSVT was defined as any VT of 5 or more beats at ≥ 150 bpm occurred in the first 6 months after implantation that terminated spontaneously and was not preceded by any appropriate therapy. The mean follow-up was 41 ± 27 months. Results We analyzed 2201 NSVTs (mean CL = 323 ms) that occurred in 250 patients; 111 of such episodes were fast (CL ≤ 300 ms). Secondary prevention (HR = 1.7; p < 0.001), number of NSVT episodes (HR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.04–1.07; p < 0.001) and beta-blocker treatment (HR = 0.7; p = 0.04) were independent predictors of appropriate interventions; however, the mean CL of NSVTs was not (p = 0.6). There was a correlation between the mean CL of NSVTs and the CL of the first monomorphic VT: r = 0.88; p < 0.001. This correlation was especially robust in individuals with > 5 NSVTs (r = 0.97; p < 0.001), with an agreement between both values greater than 95%. Patients with any fast NSVT experienced a higher incidence of VF episodes (26%) compared to those without NVSTs (3%) or with only slow NSVTs (7%); p < 0.001. Conclusions Unlike the burden, the CL of NSVTs is not a predictor of subsequent appropriate interventions. However, there is a close relationship between the CL of NSVTs and that of arrhythmias that will later lead to appropriate therapies.

scholarly journals Multitasking NPOs: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Funding Intentions and Nonprofit Capacities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Stühlinger ◽  
Sophie E. Hersberger-Langloh
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) often find themselves under pressure to invest all of their available income in mission-related activities rather than in capacity building. We investigate one factor that can influence the decision to invest in such capacity-building tasks: funding sources pursued by an organization. Drawing on the benefits theory of nonprofit finance, we take these funding sources as predetermined by an organization’s mission and propose an extension of the theory by linking it to economic multitasking theory, which states that organizations prioritize tasks that offer greater and more measurable rewards. Through regression analyses of survey data from Swiss nonprofits, we analyze the extent to which funding sources sought affect the amount of effort invested in three areas of capacity building: public relations, impact focus, and resource attraction parameters. The results support the predictions of multitasking theory by showing that the effort invested in certain capacity-building tasks is affected considerably by seeking a specific funding source. The effects are stronger for resource attraction-related tasks than for tasks closer to the service delivery of NPOs. The results indicate that an organization’s mission affects not only the available funding sources but also the extent to which an organization invests in its capacities, which can lead to a ‘lock-in’ status for organizations.

Poster #M155 MEDIATION MODELS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND DEPRESSIVENESS IN PATIENTS AT-RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS AND IN HELP-SEEKING CONTROLS

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. S246
Author(s):  
Stefanie J. Schmidt ◽  
Stephan Ruhrmann ◽  
Benno G. Schimmelmann ◽  
Joachim Klosterkötter ◽  
Frauke Schultze-Lutter
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediation Models

A controlled family study of late-onset non-affective psychosis (late paraphrenia)

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howard ◽  
C. Graham ◽  
P. Sham ◽  
J. Dennehey ◽  
D. J. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between those schizophrenia-like conditions that have their onset in late life and early-onset schizophrenia is unclear. Very few family history studies of patients with late-onset psychosis have been reported, and it is not known whether their relatives have an increased risk of psychosis.MethodInformation was collected on the psychiatric morbidity of 269 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder with an onset after the age of 60 (late paraphrenia), and 272 first-degree relatives of healthy elderly control subjects, using a research diagnostic instrument.ResultsWith a narrow age range (15–50 years) at risk, the estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 1.3% in the relatives of both cases and controls. With a wider age range (15–90 years) at risk, estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 2.3% for the relatives of cases, and 2.2% for the relatives of controls. However, depression was significantly more common among the relatives of cases than controls.ConclusionThose schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset in late life are not genetically associated with schizophrenia.

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