Uncertainty and Change: Survey Evidence of Firms&Apos; Subjective Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Bachmann ◽  
Kai Carstensen ◽  
Stefan Lautenbacher ◽  
Martin Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Beliefs

Deconstructing attitude strength: Understanding the subjective beliefs related to attitudes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay K. Wood ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar ◽  
Steven M. Smith ◽  
Duane T. Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Strength ◽  
Subjective Beliefs

Transformation of management culture in context of supply chain digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marina Kolmykova ◽  
Marija Troyanskaya ◽  
Galiya Aralbaeva ◽  
Nadezhda Seliverstova ◽  
Nadezhda Chetverikova
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Policies And Programs

BACKGROUND: Digitalization has transformed the modes of work, communication and collaboration in the workplace, which is a challenge for all organizations, requiring the adaptation of structures, strategies, leadership and management culture. In the study, it is proposed to consider management culture as a potential factor that determines the competitive management of the network structure of supply chains. Despite numerous studies dedicated to supply chains digitalization, there’s lack of researches dedicated to deep investigation of management culture transformation in context of the digitalization of supply chains requires. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to identify the determinants contributing to the transformation of management culture in context of supply chain digitalization. METHODS: The study is conceptual research that links management culture and the supply chain. Based on the evolutionary dynamism of the theory and practice of management culture, two aspects of culture have been identified: national psychology (subjective beliefs) and company potential (values and behaviour of personnel). RESULTS: It is assumed that the most effective culture in context of supply chain digitalization is digital culture as it is focused on the external environment. It has been found that the key determinants of the change are the values and behaviour of the personnel, and as a result, they create an effective approach to the management culture transformation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study allow managers to assess the established organizational culture that facilitates or hinders the activities of the business in order to successfully implement and achieve the goals set. The results of this study can be applied by top managers of companies facing digitalization of supply chains in developing HR and managerial policies and programs.

scholarly journals Dynamic consistency, valuable information and subjective beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Galanis
Keyword(s):  
Value Of Information ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Bayesian Updating ◽  
Dynamic Consistency ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Backward Induction ◽  
Subjective Expected Utility ◽  
Trading Behavior ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Convex Preferences

AbstractAmbiguity sensitive preferences must fail either Consequentialism or Dynamic Consistency (DC), two properties that are compatible with subjective expected utility and Bayesian updating, while forming the basis of backward induction and dynamic programming. We examine the connection between these properties in a general environment of convex preferences over monetary acts and find that, far from being incompatible, they are connected in an economically meaningful way. In single-agent decision problems, positive value of information characterises one direction of DC. We propose a weakening of DC and show that one direction is equivalent to weakly valuable information, whereas the other characterises the Bayesian updating of the subjective beliefs which are revealed by trading behavior.

The Ex Post Accuracy of Subjective Beliefs: A New Measure and Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Crossley ◽  
Yifan Gong ◽  
Todd R. Stinebrickner ◽  
Ralph Stinebrickner
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Ex Post

Subjective beliefs about the income distribution and preferences for redistribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Page ◽  
Daniel G. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution

Halo Effects in Multiattribute Attitude Models: An Appraisal of Some Unresolved Issues

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Beckwith ◽  
Donald R. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Level ◽  
Halo Effects ◽  
Subjective Beliefs

The authors discuss the issues raised by Johansson, MacLachlan, and Yalch concerning halo effects in multiattribute models. It appears that halo effects can provide an upward bias upon the explanative power of individual–level multiattribute attitude models using subjective beliefs indicated by respondents.

scholarly journals Fuzzy-based Description of Computational Complexity of Central Nervous Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Piotr Prokopowicz ◽  
Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽  
Krzysztof Tyburek ◽  
Piotr Kotlarz
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
New Information ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Point Of Departure

Computational intelligence algorithms are currently capable of dealing with simple cognitive processes, but still remain inefficient compared with the human brain’s ability to learn from few exemplars or to analyze problems that have not been defined in an explicit manner. Generalization and decision-making processes typically require an uncertainty model that is applied to the decision options while relying on the probability approach. Thus, models of such cognitive functions usually interact with reinforcement-based learning to simplify complex problems. Decision-makers are needed to choose from the decision options that are available, in order to ensure that the decision-makers’ choices are rational. They maximize the subjective overall utility expected, given by the outcomes in different states and weighted with subjective beliefs about the occurrence of those states. Beliefs are captured by probabilities and new information is incorporated using the Bayes’ law. Fuzzy-based models described in this paper propose a different – they may serve as a point of departure for a family of novel methods enabling more effective and neurobiologically reliable brain simulation that is based on fuzzy logic techniques and that turns out to be useful in both basic and applied sciences. The approach presented provides a valuable insight into understanding the aforementioned processes, doing that in a descriptive, fuzzy-based manner, without presenting a complex analysis

The conquest of gender prejudices over sales negotiations: which will prevail?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ela Unler ◽  
Didem Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Sales Manager ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Leadership Theories ◽  
Implicit Leadership ◽  
Implicit Leadership Theories ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Doing Business

Study level/applicability Students from undergraduate and graduate levels. Subject area Leadership, implicit leadership theories, decision-making, gender stereotypes and discrimination. Case overview Defne was working as a sales manager in Diel Turkey, an international technology company. Diel focuses on software, hardware, network and business consultancy services. Defne had worked as a computer engineer before starting to work in the sales department. In her leadership, she gave importance to long-term relationships and justice. Defne had two meetings this week. The first one was with T&X, a big scale fast moving consumer goods company; and the other one was with Q-Coding, a medium-scale technology company. Defne had negotiated with T&X two years ago, and the project got canceled. Defne worked on T&X new contract very cautiously, as this time she wanted to finish the project and make the deal. Defne had to deal with prejudices during the T&X meeting. Implicit beliefs are grounded in the cultural background of the country, which determines the perceptual framework for the society. Male-dominated countries have implicit beliefs that women’s priorities should be their families, thus being successful at work is not expected. Defne faced male-oriented stereotypes, which challenged her in doing business. Even though she was a successful manager, these subjective beliefs made her perform poorly. During the meeting with Q-Coding, Defne discussed the prejudice for women leaders with a women entrepreneur Suzan. Expected learning outcomes This case is trying to achieve two main objectives: first, to make all students be aware of implicit leadership theories and beliefs, which are rooted in the countries’ cultural background; second, to make female students be aware of these dysfunctional coping behaviors and increase their self-efficacy without thinking about their gender roles. Subject code CSS 7: Management science

Promoting the Best Possible Death

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Christopher Newdick ◽  
Christopher Danbury
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Sanctity Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terminally Ill Patients ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Considerable Range

What are the best interests of terminally ill patients in intensive care who lack capacity to decide for themselves? At what stage should their care be considered futile? Although this important question arises at a crucial moment in a person’s life, there is room for a considerable range of responses. What is the relevance, for example, of a belief in the sanctity of life, the likelihood that the patient will get better, the suffering and indignity caused by treatment, the wishes of patients and their relatives, or the interests of other needy patients? In the past, these difficulties were often quietly settled by doctors, guided, when possible, by patients and by their relatives. Now, when disagreement leads to dispute, the courts have been required to provide solutions of their own. In doing so, they grapple with the balance between the patient’s subjective beliefs and wishes (assisted by their relatives), and doctors’ experience of the challenges further treatment may cause the patient. We consider how the law and clinical practice have evolved and the framework of procedures and values within which these troubling cases should be considered.

scholarly journals Erratum to: The role of subjective beliefs in preferences for redistribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
Lionel Page ◽  
Daniel G. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution
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