scholarly journals Time to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive People in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia: Claim of Universal Test and Treat

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 959-972
Author(s):  
Lami Bayisa ◽  
Tesfaye Abera ◽  
Diriba Mulisa ◽  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Alemnesh Mosisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Western Ethiopia

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of persistent HIV viremia and viral rebound following universal test and treat: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kate Grabowski ◽  
Eshan U Patel ◽  
Gertrude Nakigozi ◽  
Victor Ssempijja ◽  
Robert Ssekubugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Persistent Viremia ◽  
Universal Test And Treat

Abstract Background There are limited data on individual HIV viral load (VL) trajectories at the population-level following the introduction of universal test and treat (UTT) in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods HIV VLs were assessed among HIV-positive participants at three population-based surveys in four Ugandan fishing communities surveyed between November 2011 and August 2017. The unit of analysis was a visit-pair (two consecutive person-visits), which were categorized as exhibiting durable VL suppression, new/renewed suppression, viral rebound, or persistent viremia. Adjusted relative risks (adjRRs) and 95%CIs of persistent viremia were estimated using multivariate Poisson regression. Results There were 1,346 HIV-positive participants (n=1,883 visit-pairs). The population-level prevalence of durable VL suppression increased from 29.7% to 67.9% during UTT rollout, viral rebound declined from 4.4% to 2.7%, and persistent viremia declined from 20.7% to 13.3%. Younger age (15-29 vs. 40-49 years, adjRR=1.80 [95%CI=1.19-2.71]), male sex (adjRR=2.09 [95%CI=1.47-2.95]), never being married (vs. currently married; adjRR=1.88 [95%CI=1.34-2.62]), and recent migration to the community (vs. long-term resident; adjRR=1.91 [95%CI=1.34-2.73]) were factors associated with persistent viremia. Conclusions Despite increases in durable VL suppression during roll-out of UTT in hyperendemic communities, a substantial fraction of the population, whose risk profile tended to be younger, male, and mobile, remained persistently viremic.

Antiretroviral therapy adherence among patients enrolled after the initiation of the Universal Test and Treat strategy in Dessie town: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 886-893
Author(s):  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Fentaw Tadese
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Morisky Scale

Poor adherence was the major challenge in providing treatment, care, and support for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Evidence of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after initiation of the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) strategy was limited in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to determine the proportion of ART adherence after the initiation of UTT strategy and associated factors among adult PLHIV in Dessie town using two adherence measurements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 293 PLHIV selected using a systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by face-to face-interview using a pretested questionnaire; chart review was also used to collect the data. The proportion of ART adherence measured by using the Morisky scale and seven-day recall was 49.3% (95% CI: [43.5%, 54.8%]) and 95.9% (95% CI: [93.2%, 98.2%]), respectively. Being urban in residence (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: [1.80, 7.68]), the absence of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.72, 95% CI: [1.22, 11.35]), taking one tablet per day (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: [1.64, 6.49]), and the absence of concomitant illness (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: [0.09, 0.59]) were factors associated with ART adherence. The proportion of ART adherence measured by the Morisky scale was very low; however, adherence measured by seven-day recall was higher and consistent with World Health Organization recommendations. Residence, depression, and the number of tablets taken per day had a positive association with good ART adherence whereas having concomitant illness had a negative association with good ART adherence. Efforts should be made to improve adherence and interventions should be given to overcome factors linked with poor adherence.

scholarly journals ‘Then her neighbour will not know her status’: how health providers advocate antiretroviral therapy under universal test and treat

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Pell ◽  
Ria Reis ◽  
Njabuliso Dlamini ◽  
Eileen Moyer ◽  
Eva Vernooij
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Universal Test And Treat

scholarly journals Does Universal Test and Treat Strategy has an effect on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence? A Comparative Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Dabere Nigatu ◽  
Fentaw Tadese ◽  
Melaku Yalew
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Morisky Scale

Abstract Background : Poor adherence is a critical problem in managing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV ) -infected patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Evidence of adherence to antiretroviral therapy after initiation of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) strategy was limited in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to compare adherence to antiretroviral therapy before and after the initiation of universal test and treat strategy, including factors affecting adherence among HIV positive adults in Dessie town. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 594 HIV positive adults selected using consecutive sampling. Interview and patient record review were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with ART adherence. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used as a measure of association. Statistical significance was declared at a P - value less than 0.05. Result : The overall proportion of ART adherence using Morisky scale and self-reports were 52.3%, 95% CI: (48.4%, 56.2%) and 95%, 95% CI: (93.5%, 96.8%) respectively. Absence of depression (AOR =3.87, 95% CI: (1.96, 7.64)), eating three or more meals per day (AOR =2.65, 95% CI: (1.08, 6.49)) and absence of concomitant illness (AOR =0.42, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.76)) were significantly associated with better ART adherence. Conclusion: The overall proportion of ART adherence measured by Morisky scale was very low while the proportion of ART adherence measured by self-report was high and consistent with the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Adherence to ART was not affected by the introduction of the UTT strategy in HIV treatment and care program. Depression, meal frequency and concomitant illness were factors associated with ART adherence. Efforts should be made to improve adherence through tailored interventions to overcome factors linked with poor adherence. Key words: Antiretroviral therapy, Adherence, HIV/AIDS, Ethiopia

scholarly journals “Universal test and treat” program reduced TB incidence by 75% among a cohort of adults taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gurage zone, South Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Girum ◽  
Fedila Yasin ◽  
Samuel Dessu ◽  
Bereket Zeleke ◽  
Mulugeta Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in peoples living with HIV and at least 25% of deaths are attributed to TB. Many countries implement the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) program for HIV, which is believed to reduce the incidence of TB. However, there are limited studies that evaluate the impact of UTT on TB incidence. Therefore, by recruiting a cohort of ART users in the “UTT” and “differed treatment” programs, we aim to measure the effect of the UTT program on TB incidence.Objective: To measure the effect of “UTT” program on TB incidence among a cohort of adults taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted through record review over 5 years (2014-2019) in public health facilities in Gurage Zone. 384 records were randomly selected and reviewed using a standardized structured checklist. Data was entered using Epi InfoTM Version 7 and analyzed by STATA. A generalized linear model with binomial link function was fitted to measure the adjusted incidence density/incidence rate ratio and to identify predictors of incidence difference between the two programs.Results: During the follow up period, 39 incident TB cases were identified with an overall incidence rate of 4.79/100 person-year (PY). TB incidence was significantly lower in the UTT cohort (IR=2.10/100 PY) in comparison to the differed program cohort (IR=6.23/100 PY). The adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of TB among patients enrolled in the UTT program was; 0.25 (95% CI=0.08-0.70). Thus, there was a reduction of TB incidence by 75% in the UTT program compared to differed program. In addition, IPT (isoniazid preventive therapy) use (AIRR= 0.35 (95% CI=0.22-0.48)), WHO Stage I and II (AIRR=0.70 (95% CI=0.61-0.94)) and higher base line CD4 count (AIRR=0.96 (95% CI=.94-0.99)) significantly reduced the incidence of TB. However, treatment failure increase the incidence (AIRR=5.8 (95% CI=1.93-8.46)). Conclusion: TB incidence was significantly reduced by 75% after UTT. Therefore, intervention to further reduce the incidence has to focus on strengthening UTT program and IPT.

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