Most developing countries around the globe are striving hard for a fast economic growth and associated industrialization. As a result, numerous industries are emerging mostly in the urban areas of developing countries. The wastewater, which is an obvious byproduct of all industries, receives lower priority in developing countries. The plant designer and supplier normally provide an in-built pollution control system for new industries. The peripheral facilities, like wastewater treatment, suffer due to limited financial resources. In addition, other factors such as lack of experience in operation, management and plant repairs, lack of spare parts, frequent shortage of power/fuel, lack of end products disposal facilities, social and political reasons contribute to inadequate wastewater management in developing countries. Absence of industrial effluent standards and corresponding legislation for enforcing them are common in developing countries. Environmental impact assessment studies for the industrial growth are commonly not carried out in developing countries. Public awareness against pollution is also at a low profile in developing countries. The industrial wastewater problems in developing countries are discussed in this paper with some typical examples. The critical appraisal of the industrial wastewater management situation in developing countries is concluded by recommendations for the course of action.
ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES – CURRENT POLLUTION LEVEL IN RWANDA.
