scholarly journals THE ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE IN RURAL AND URBAN EGYPT

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
AMAL A. ABD AL HAMED ◽  
FIZA A. MOHAMED

The present study, dealing with the inequality in consumption of the rural households across the different regions, is based upon the primary data of the Punjab state. The analysis showed that Malwa excelled other two regions in the per capita consumption. The highest average propensity to consume was observed for Doaba, and it was the lowest for Malwa. All the rural households except large farm of all the three regions and medium farm households of Malwa and Majha were in deficit. Considering all households together, the inequality of household consumption expenditure was relatively high in all three regions, with the same being highest in Majha, followed by Malwa and Doaba. The concentration of consumption expenditure among the land-owning households was greater than the landless households.


The present study examined the monthly per capita consumption expenditure and nutrition intake across social and religious groups in Punjab. Furthermore, the drivers of monthly per capita consumption expenditure and calories intake were identified. It was found that the mean difference of the Sikh community was higher than the Hindus and Islamic community for calorie intake and higher than all the other communities in case of protein intake and fat intake of nutrition. There was no significant mean difference of the religious groups for monthly per capita consumption expenditure. However, in the case of social groups, the results were noticeable as the scheduled castes were having significantly lower mean difference for MPCE as well as the nutrition intake than the general class, but the OBC were having significantly lower mean difference for MPCE, calorie intake and fat intake than the general class. The scheduled tribes were having significantly lower mean difference for protein intake as compared to the general castes showed their deprived condition. The policies implemented by the government were unable to reach to these social groups. It was revealed from the results of two-stage feasible generalized least square model that all the variables significantly affected the MPCE but in case of the calorie intake, all variables except the Sikh household were significant statistically.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Kazi Tamim Rahman ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
M. Salauddin Palash

AbstractConsumers’ preference for food is ever-changing from carbohydrate to protein since protein plays a vital role in the balanced and healthy growth of human being. Among different sources of protein, animal sourced protein foods are getting popularity over time in United States. How demand for animal sourced protein food items are changing, and to be specific which animal food items are preferred by consumers are necessary to know both for producers and suppliers. This study estimates consumer demand for animal sourced food items in U.S. employing linear approximation of AIDS (LA-AIDS) model. Monthly per capita consumption expenditure data on aggregate and disaggregate animal protein items and price indices at national level from 1995 to 2016 have been collected from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of United States. The data consists of monthly per capita consumption expenditure on beef and veal, pork, other meats, poultry, and fish and seafood, and their price indices. The result shows exogenous growth in the budget share of all meat items. Estimated expenditure and cross price elasticities suggest that all goods are normal in nature and substitute to each other. In addition, weak separability test suggests that meat items are separable from non-meat items. The findings of the study would be helpful understanding consumer preferences and behavior for allocating budget among different sources of animal protein.


Author(s):  
J. Misfeld ◽  
J. Timm

AbstractOn the basis of numerous research results and data on the development of nicotine and condensate contents of German cigarettes, of their respective shares in the market, the smoked length of cigarettes, and of the pro capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany, an estimate has been prepared on the yearly pro capita consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic covering the years 1961-1970. The values for 1961 amount to 40.2 g of smoke condensate (crude) and to 2.04 g of nicotine. The values for 1970 are found to be only 29.4 g and 1.63 g respectively. That means that the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic has decreased during the last ten years. The share of smokers having remained almost the same, the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine per smoker is, as well, found to have decreased by about 27 % and 20 % respectively during the years between 1961 and 1970 despite an increased cigarette consumption.


2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Alatas ◽  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Rema Hanna ◽  
Benjamin A Olken ◽  
Julia Tobias

This paper reports an experiment in 640 Indonesian villages on three approaches to target the poor: proxy means tests (PMT), where assets are used to predict consumption; community targeting, where villagers rank everyone from richest to poorest; and a hybrid. Defining poverty based on PPP$2 per capita consumption, community targeting and the hybrid perform somewhat worse in identifying the poor than PMT, though not by enough to significantly affect poverty outcomes for a typical program. Elite capture does not explain these results. Instead, communities appear to apply a different concept of poverty. Consistent with this finding, community targeting results in higher satisfaction. (JEL C93, I32, I38, O12, O15, O18, R23)


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Sobrino

In this study, we use the co-movements approach to examine the role of permanent (common trend) and temporary (common cycle) shocks on per capita output, per capita consumption, and per capita investment in Peru, a small open commodity-based economy. Using quarterly data from 1993: Q1 to 2019: Q1, the effects of the temporary shocks are short-lived, and, on average, are a minor source of the variations of macro time series, over 10 quarters. This evidence suggests that the main source of per capita output and per capita consumption variations is the common trend shock which must be related to the 1990s reforms. Moreover, per capita output and per capita consumption are less responsive to unfavorable (favorable) common cycle shocks than per capita investment is. This outcome indicates that per capita investment has a much more volatile cycle than per capita private output and per capita consumption which is consistent with a previous empirical work.


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