PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH RELAPSE IN ADOLESCENTS DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES

Grooming site preferences have been relatively well studied in monkey species in order to investigate the function of social grooming. They are not only influenced by the amount of ectoparasites, but also by different social variables such as the dominance rank between individuals or their levels of affiliation. However, studies on this topic mainly come from monkey species, with almost no report on great apes. This study aimed to explore whether body site and body orientation preferences during social grooming show species-specific differences (bonobos vs. chimpanzees) and environment-specific differences (captivity vs. wild). Results showed that bonobos groomed the head, the front and faced each other more often than chimpanzees, while chimpanzees groomed the back, anogenitals and more frequently in face-to-back positions. Moreover, captive individuals were found to groom facing one another more often than wild ones, whereas wild individuals groomed the back and in face-to-back positions more. While future studies should expand their scope to include more populations per condition, our preliminary 2 by 2 comparison study highlights the influence of (i) species-specific social differences such as social tolerance, social attention and facial communication, and (ii) socioenvironmental constraints such as risk of predation, spatial crowding and levels of hygiene, that might be the two important factors determining the grooming patterns in two <i>Pan</i>species.

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Machine learning reveals the most important psychological and social variables predicting the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

Rheumatology International ◽

10.1007/s00296-021-04916-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Germano Vera Cruz ◽

Emilie Bucourt ◽

Christian Réveillère ◽

Virginie Martaillé ◽

Isabelle Joncker-Vannier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽

Social Variables

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The role of information structure in the instantiation of objects: Evidence from Amazonian Spanish

Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics ◽

10.1515/shll-2020-2028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 219-245

Author(s):

Rosa Vallejos ◽

Evelyn Fernández-Lizárraga ◽

Haley Patterson

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Information Structure ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linguistic Variables ◽

Social Variables ◽

Null Objects ◽

The Impact ◽

Role Of Information ◽

Activation Status

AbstractThis study analyzes the instantiation of objects in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish (PAS) discourse in two communities with distinct linguistic contexts. We examine the impact of two social variables (gender and place) and nine linguistic variables (transitivity, animacy, definiteness, anaphora function, anaphora expression, cataphora function, cataphora expression, activation, topic persistence) on the speech of eight participants. Our findings indicate that null instantiation in PAS is pervasive, occurring with a range of verb lexemes. While neither gender nor place are significant predictors of null objects, various linguistic variables contribute to the instantiation of objects. The five significant variables as determined by a mixed model regression analysis include the following: animacy, definiteness, anaphora expression, cataphora expression, and activation status. Several findings are consistent with previous research (e. g. human and definite referents disfavor null objects), while other results differ (e. g. PAS propositions disfavor null objects). Activation status and anaphora expression are the most significant predictors of null objects in PAS. In particular, highly accessible referents in discourse and anaphoric null objects favored null objects in subsequent clauses. Thus, the results in the present study demonstrate the pivotal role of information structure in object instantiation, furthering the discussion on syntax-discourse interplay phenomena.

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A Comparison of Urban with Rural Support Networks: Liverpool and North Wales

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x00002129 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 59-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

G. Clare Wenger

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Support Networks ◽

Support Network ◽

Social Variables ◽

North Wales ◽

Care And Support ◽

Wide Range ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

High Level ◽

The City

AbstractThis paper compares findings on the distribution of support networks in the City of Liverpool and in rural communities in North Wales. It demonstrates that while support network type is highly correlated with a wide range of demographic and social variables in both urban and rural samples, the nature of the relationships are not always comparable. The paper shows how cultural, migration and socio-economic factors interact to affect the formation of different types of support networks. As a result of a more stable elderly population, more old people in Liverpool have network types able to provide a high level of informal care and support.

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