scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Bacterial Agents of Atypical Pneumonia: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila in Suez Canal region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-115
Author(s):  
Heba Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgM Antibody in Atypical Pneumonia Causing Pathogens by Pneumoslide, IFA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puneeta Singh ◽  
Shalabh Malik ◽  
Vandana Lal
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Atypical bacterial and viral pathogens play an important role in atypical pneumonia are responsible for one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence of bacterial and viral pathogens causing acute atypical pneumonia in different age groups and seasonality patterns of prevalence in India. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 680 samples tested during December 2018 to August 2019, performed at Microbiology department of Dr. Lal Path Labs. Serum samples were used for Pneumoslide IgM test diagnose 9 Atypical bacterial & viral pathogens: Legionella pneumophila (LP), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Coxiella burnetti (COX), Chlamydophila pneumonia (CP) Adenovirus (ADV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Influenza A (INFA), Influenza B (INFB), Parainfluenza serotypes 1,2 &3(PIVs). Results: Of a total 477(70.1%) samples were positive for atypical pneumonia pathogens. Atypical pneumonia was seen in extremes of age ie: <=5 years and >60 elderly adults without much of a gender bias. Co infections was seen in 62.1%. Legionella pneumophila (42.5%) was the dominant pathogen followed by Influenza B (41.7%) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (33.4%), Parainfluenza serotypes 1,2 &3 (29.4%) respectively. Atypical pneumonia has a spring predominance that is peaking in March. Conclusion: Among six predominant atypical pathogens, Legionella pneumophila and Influenza B was most predominant pathogens, as a causative agent of atypical pneumonia followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae seen mostly in young (0-5 years) comparison to all age groups. Hence, Pneumoslide IgM as a multi panel test needed to ensure initiation of targeted therapy. Pneumoslide IgM, by IFA is a rapid, cost effective easy to identify & classify atypical pneumonia causing pathogens.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico molecular de neumonías bacterianas atípicas provenientes de la comunidad. Paraguay (2014-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
María E. León ◽  
Aníbal Kawabata ◽  
Minako Nagai ◽  
Liliana Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
La Red

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de neumonías bacterianas atípicas causadas por Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae y Chlamydophila pneumoniae, en niños y adultos de Paraguay durante el periodo 2014-2017 por técnicas moleculares. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron en este estudio 148 muestras de líquido pleural de niños y adultos con diagnóstico de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) durante el periodo 2014 a febrero de 2017. Las muestras fueron remitidas al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública por los Centros Centinelas y Centros Colaboradores de la Red de Vigilancia de Meningitis y Neumonías. Resultados: La frecuencia general de neumonías atípicas resultó 1.4 % (2/148). Se detectó Legionella pneumophila en 0.7% (1/148) de los pacientes con sospecha de neumonía y un caso Mycoplasma pneumoniae en 0.7% (1/148). Conclusión: Los agentes atípicos presentan manifestaciones inespecíficas y variables de un caso a otro, haciéndolas difíciles de distinguir de otras etiologías. Los nuevos enfoques del diagnóstico microbiológico son prometedores, se espera que las pruebas de diagnóstico molecular para estos patógenos sean importantes herramientas en el laboratorio clínico.

scholarly journals Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yeon Shim
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
First Line ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Japan And China

The major pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia are <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by <i>M. pneumoniae</i> or <i>C. pneumoniae</i> is common in children and presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting disease. CAP due to <i>L. pneumophila</i> is very rare in children and progresses rapidly, with fatal outcomes if not treated early. <i>M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae</i>, and <i>L. pneumophila</i> have no cell walls; therefore, they do not respond to β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are the treatments of choice for atypical pneumonia. Macrolides are the first-line antibiotics used in children because of their low minimum inhibitory concentrations and high safety. The incidence of pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> that harbors point mutations has been increasing since 2000, particularly in Korea, Japan, and China. The marked increase in macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> pneumonia (MRMP) is partly attributed to the excessive use of macrolides. MRMP does not always lead to clinical nonresponsiveness to macrolides. Furthermore, severe complicated MRMP responds to corticosteroids without requiring a change in antibiotic. This implies that the hyper-inflammatory status of the host can induce clinically refractory pneumonia regardless of mutation. Empirical macrolide therapy in children with mild to moderate CAP, particularly during periods without <i>M. pneumoniae</i> epidemics, may not provide additional benefits over β-lactam monotherapy and can increase the risk of MRMP.

Atypical pathogen infection of respiratory system

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Adam J. Sybilski
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Intensive Care Treatment ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Atypical Pathogen ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Atypical Bacteria

The frequency of respiratory infections, especially atypical pneumonia, is increasing significantly. Most often, atypical pneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Human is the only reservoir of these atypical bacteria. The infection occurs via droplets or direct contact with a sick person or convalescent. Pneumonia of the etiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae most often affects children without comorbidities and is usually mild, while most patients with Legionella infection require intensive care treatment. Symptoms of mycoplasma infection can range from mild symptoms in the upper respiratory tract to pneumonia and extrapulmonary symptoms. The infection is often underdiagnosed, and patients usually do not seek medical attention and treatment. Chlamydial pneumonia is, in most cases, mild, similar to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and tends to heal itself. The drugs of choice in the treatment of atypical pneumonia are macrolides, and because of the best compliance in children – azithromycin.

scholarly journals Frequency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia spp. among patients with atypical pneumonia in Tehran

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100744
Author(s):  
N. Noori Goodarzi ◽  
M.R. Pourmand ◽  
M. Rajabpour ◽  
M. Arfaatabar ◽  
M. Mosadegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia

scholarly journals Perfil clínico, epidemiológico e etiológico de pacientes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade internados em um hospital geral da microrregião de Sumaré, SP

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Donalisio ◽  
Carlos Henrique Mamud Arca ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Madureira
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Pneumonia Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumonia Severity

OBJETIVO: Analisar aspectos clínicos, etiológicos e epidemiológicos das pneumonias adquiridas na comunidade (PAC) em indivíduos internados. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 66 pacientes com PAC maiores de 14 anos no Hospital Estadual Sumaré, localizado na cidade de Sumaré (SP), entre outubro de 2005 e setembro de 2007. Coletamos dados sobre história clínica, exame clínico, escore pneumonia severity index (PSI) e exames laboratoriais (hemocultura, bacterioscopia/cultura de escarro, sorologias para Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae e Legionella pneumophila, além de antígenos urinários de Legionella sp. e Streptococcus pneumoniae). RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 53 anos, a maioria tinha baixa escolaridade, e 55,7% apresentavam pelo menos uma comorbidade no momento da internação. O percentual de idosos vacinados contra influenza entre os internados foi significativamente menor que os da comunidade dos municípios da microrregião de Sumaré (52,6% vs. > 70%). A febre foi menos frequente entre os idosos (p < 0,05). A evolução clínica se associou com o escore PSI, mas não com a idade. A etiologia foi confirmada em 31 (50,8%) dos casos, sendo 21 (34,4%) devido a S. pneumoniae, detectado principalmente pelo antígeno urinário; seguido de C. pneumoniae, em 5 (8,2%). Receberam alta hospitalar por cura 80,3% dos pacientes. A taxa de letalidade foi de 4,9%. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento do perfil etiológico de PAC no âmbito regional favorece a escolha adequada da terapia empírica, que é particularmente relevante em pacientes idosos e naqueles com comorbidades. A falta da vacinação contra influenza em idosos é um fator de risco de internação por PAC.

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