scholarly journals Frequency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia spp. among patients with atypical pneumonia in Tehran

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100744
Author(s):  
N. Noori Goodarzi ◽  
M.R. Pourmand ◽  
M. Rajabpour ◽  
M. Arfaatabar ◽  
M. Mosadegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgM Antibody in Atypical Pneumonia Causing Pathogens by Pneumoslide, IFA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puneeta Singh ◽  
Shalabh Malik ◽  
Vandana Lal
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Atypical bacterial and viral pathogens play an important role in atypical pneumonia are responsible for one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence of bacterial and viral pathogens causing acute atypical pneumonia in different age groups and seasonality patterns of prevalence in India. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 680 samples tested during December 2018 to August 2019, performed at Microbiology department of Dr. Lal Path Labs. Serum samples were used for Pneumoslide IgM test diagnose 9 Atypical bacterial & viral pathogens: Legionella pneumophila (LP), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Coxiella burnetti (COX), Chlamydophila pneumonia (CP) Adenovirus (ADV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Influenza A (INFA), Influenza B (INFB), Parainfluenza serotypes 1,2 &3(PIVs). Results: Of a total 477(70.1%) samples were positive for atypical pneumonia pathogens. Atypical pneumonia was seen in extremes of age ie: <=5 years and >60 elderly adults without much of a gender bias. Co infections was seen in 62.1%. Legionella pneumophila (42.5%) was the dominant pathogen followed by Influenza B (41.7%) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (33.4%), Parainfluenza serotypes 1,2 &3 (29.4%) respectively. Atypical pneumonia has a spring predominance that is peaking in March. Conclusion: Among six predominant atypical pathogens, Legionella pneumophila and Influenza B was most predominant pathogens, as a causative agent of atypical pneumonia followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae seen mostly in young (0-5 years) comparison to all age groups. Hence, Pneumoslide IgM as a multi panel test needed to ensure initiation of targeted therapy. Pneumoslide IgM, by IFA is a rapid, cost effective easy to identify & classify atypical pneumonia causing pathogens.

scholarly journals Detection of Atypical Pathogens in Community Acquired Pneumonia by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Guchhait ◽  
Doddarangappa Rangaswamy Gayathri Devi ◽  
VA Indumathi ◽  
TS Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pathogens

Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), as the name suggests, is acquired at the community level, and symptoms usually develop within 48 hours. There are two types of CAP, namely, typical and atypical. Typical pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Atypical pneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Coxiella burnetii, as well as respiratory viruses, such as Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza viruses A and B, and Parainfluenza viruses 1,2,3, among others. Typical and atypical CAP can be distinguished by the absence or presence of extrapulmonary symptoms. Aim: To elucidate the proportion of atypical respiratory pathogens that cause CAP in a tertiary care hospital setting. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Chest Medicine and Microbiology of MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The study included 202 patients, aged 18 years and above with clinical and radiological features of CAP. Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was carried out to detect the pathogens. Results: The prevalence of atypical pathogens was 33.17% among all CAP patients. Atypical pneumonia was more prevalent in males and in the age group of >61 years. The most common pathogens included Mycoplasma pneumoniae (12.38%) followed by Legionella pneumophila (9.90%) and influenza A (5.94%). Typical pneumonia was primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.9%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.49%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.49%), and Haemophilus influenzae (0.49%). Mixed infections occurred in 16 patients. Conclusion: Active screening for CAP is needed in all wards and Intensive Care Units (ICU), as more patients with CAP are increasingly being admitted to ICU. Data on the proportion of atypical CAP will help to use antibiotics prudently for a better prognosis, thereby preventing the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Céline Betti ◽  
Pietro Camozzi ◽  
Viola Gennaro ◽  
Mario G. Bianchetti ◽  
Martin Scoglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Atypical Pathogen

Leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis of the skin (with or without systemic involvement) is often preceded by infections such as common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, or otitis media. Our purpose was to document pediatric (≤18 years) cases preceded by a symptomatic disease caused by an atypical bacterial pathogen. We performed a literature search following the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We retained 19 reports including 22 cases (13 females and 9 males, 1.0 to 17, median 6.3 years of age) associated with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. We did not find any case linked to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, or Legionella pneumophila. Patients with a systemic vasculitis (N = 14) and with a skin-limited (N = 8) vasculitis did not significantly differ with respect to gender and age. The time to recovery was ≤12 weeks in all patients with this information. In conclusion, a cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis with or without systemic involvement may occur in childhood after an infection caused by the atypical bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The clinical picture and the course of cases preceded by recognized triggers and by this atypical pathogen are indistinguishable.

scholarly journals Proteins P24 and P41 Function in the Regulation of Terminal-Organelle Development and Gliding Motility in Mycoplasma pneumoniae

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (20) ◽  
pp. 7442-7449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Hasselbring ◽  
Duncan C. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Spatial Positioning ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging ◽  
Gliding Mechanism

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of bronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. This cell wall-less bacterium has a complex terminal organelle that functions in cytadherence and gliding motility. The gliding mechanism is unknown but is coordinated with terminal-organelle development during cell division. Disruption of M. pneumoniae open reading frame MPN311 results in loss of protein P41 and downstream gene product P24. P41 localizes to the base of the terminal organelle and is required to anchor the terminal organelle to the cell body, but during cell division, MPN311 insertion mutants also fail to properly regulate nascent terminal-organelle development spatially or gliding activity temporally. We measured gliding velocity and frequency and used fluorescent protein fusions and time-lapse imaging to assess the roles of P41 and P24 individually in terminal-organelle development and gliding function. P41 was necessary for normal gliding velocity and proper spatial positioning of new terminal organelles, while P24 was required for gliding frequency and new terminal-organelle formation at wild-type rates. However, P41 was essential for P24 function, and in the absence of P41, P24 exhibited a dynamic localization pattern. Finally, protein P28 requires P41 for stability, but analysis of a P28− mutant established that the MPN311 mutant phenotype was not a function of loss of P28.

scholarly journals Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis/trans-Isomerases Mip and PpiB ofLegionella pneumophilaContribute to Surface Translocation, Growth at Suboptimal Temperature, and Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rasch ◽  
C. M. Ünal ◽  
A. Klages ◽  
Ü. Karsli ◽  
N. Heinsohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Environmental Fitness ◽  
Sliding Motility

ABSTRACTThe gammaproteobacteriumLegionella pneumophilais the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an atypical pneumonia that manifests itself with severe lung damage.L. pneumophila, a common inhabitant of freshwater environments, replicates in free-living amoebae and persists in biofilms in natural and man-made water systems. Its environmental versatility is reflected in its ability to survive and grow within a broad temperature range as well as its capability to colonize and infect a wide range of hosts, including protozoa and humans. Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases) are multifunctional proteins that are mainly involved in protein folding and secretion in bacteria. InL. pneumophilathe surface-associated PPIase Mip was shown to facilitate the establishment of the intracellular infection cycle in its early stages. The cytoplasmic PpiB was shown to promote cold tolerance. Here, we set out to analyze the interrelationship of these two relevant PPIases in the context of environmental fitness and infection. We demonstrate that the PPIases Mip and PpiB are important for surfactant-dependent sliding motility and adaptation to suboptimal temperatures, features that contribute to the environmental fitness ofL. pneumophila. Furthermore, they contribute to infection of the natural hostAcanthamoeba castellaniias well as human macrophages and human explanted lung tissue. These effects were additive in the case of sliding motility or synergistic in the case of temperature tolerance and infection, as assessed by the behavior of the double mutant. Accordingly, we propose that Mip and PpiB are virulence modulators ofL. pneumophilawith compensatory action and pleiotropic effects.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of the volatile phase of essential oils and their constituents on Legionella pneumophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Lucia Bićanić ◽  
Silvestar Mežnarić ◽  
Ivana Gobin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Pontiac Fever

Abstract Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Legionella cause atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease and flu – like disease known as Pontiac fever. As pathogens of the respiratory system, these bacteria represent a public health problem and there is a need for examine new alternative ways to inactivate them. These bacteria live naturally in water and are transmitted by infectious aerosols. To purify the air, essential oils that show antimicrobial properties are widely used. The anti-Legionella activity of five exotic essential oils and five Mediterranean essential oils characteristic for coastal Croatia was examined. Model organism used in experiments was L. pneumophila (strain 130b). This experiment was conducting with modified version of sealed plate method using a BCYE medium. The exotic essential oil with highest anti-Legionella activity was Niaouli essential oil, and the best anti-Legionella activity among Mediterranean essential oils showed Immortelle essential oil. Anti- Legionella activity of four main chemical compounds was examined and compound that show significant highest anti-Legionella activity was α – pinene. Volatile components of essential oils have a great potential as anti-Legionella agents and further research are needed.

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