scholarly journals Cross Cultural Variation in Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosheen Ramzan ◽  
Naumana Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

<p>A systematic review of literature on emotion regulation is carried out with the aim to identify, analyze and compare the commonly used emotion regulatory strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) in individualistic and collectivistic cultures including Pakistan and to study outcomes of different emotion regulation strategies in culture specific context. A systematic search has been conducted for required articles which have been published between 1990 and 2015. Only those studies have been included in the review which reported either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in their findings. Review indicates that individualistic cultures prefer emotional expression to regulate emotions while collectivistic cultures, such as in Pakistan, focus more on expressive suppression. Emotional suppression can cause mental disease, physiological illness, and poor social and psychological adjustment. To sum up, culture predicts whether individuals are motivated to express or suppress their emotions. Collectivist culture encourages greatest control on emotion expression while interacting with family and friends with more emphasis on maintaining social harmony. On the other hand, individualistic culture endorses comparatively less expression of negative emotions especially towards strangers. Adjusting one’s emotion to the social environment is more important in cultural context.</p>

Cultural Differences in Perceptual Strategies Underlying Emotion Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1026
Author(s):  
Genna M. Bebko ◽  
Bobby K. Cheon ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Joan Y. Chiao
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Caucasian American ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

Cultural norms for the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion vary widely between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic cultures value conformity, social harmony, and social status hierarchies, which demand sensitivity and focus to broader social contexts, such that attention is directed to contextual emotion information to effectively function within constrained social roles and suppress incongruent personal emotions. By contrast, individualistic cultures valuing autonomy and personal aspirations are more likely to attend to central emotion information and to reappraise emotions to avoid negative emotional experience. Here we examined how culture affects perceptual strategies employed during emotion regulation, particularly during cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. Eye movements were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images and regulated emotions by using either strategies of reappraisal (19 Asian American, 21 Caucasian American) or suppression (21 Asian American, 23 Caucasian American). After image viewing, participants rated how negative they felt as a measure of subjective emotional experience. Consistent with prior studies, reappraisers made lower negative valence ratings after regulating emotions than suppressers across both Asian American and Caucasian American groups. Although no cultural variation was observed in subjective emotional experience during emotion regulation, we found evidence of cultural variation in perceptual strategies used during emotion regulation. During middle and late time periods of emotional suppression, Asian American participants made significantly fewer fixations to emotionally salient areas than Caucasian American participants. These results indicate cultural variation in perceptual differences underlying emotional suppression, but not cognitive reappraisal.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

scholarly journals Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

Transdiagnostic perspective on psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract Background: Psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation are a hallmark of psychopathology, being intrinsically embedded in emotional and personality disorders. However, the transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation domains are still a matter of discussion. Aims: The present study aims to explore the relationships between cognitive fusion (as a measure of psychological inflexibility), emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression and emotional dysregulation domains in two different samples. Method: In a cross-sectional design, 297 individuals were assessed with self-report measures and divided into non-clinical (n = 231) and clinical samples (n = 66), according to diagnosis. Results: Results showed that the degree of cognitive fusion was higher in the clinical sample. However, significant correlations between cognitive fusion, emotional regulation strategies and emotional dysregulation domains were found in the two samples. Cognitive reappraisal and emotional dysregulation domains predicted cognitive fusion and mediated the relationship between cognitive fusion and symptomatology in the two samples. Conclusions: Relationships between cognitive fusion and emotional dysregulation domains were found independent of diagnosis. The implementation of emotion regulation strategies may be related to individual differences. However, cognitive fusion, reappraisal and lack of strategies may be core transdiagnostic features in psychological inflexibility and emotion dysregulation.

Emotion Regulation and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Subjective Well-being in Doctors

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Prachi Sharma ◽  
Urmila Rani Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
Intrinsic Job Satisfaction

This study examined the role of emotion regulation and job satisfaction in predicting affective (positive and negative affect) and cognitive (life satisfaction) components of subjective well-being (SWB) in doctors. The predictors used were the dimensions of job satisfaction—intrinsic, extrinsic job satisfaction as well as the total score of job satisfaction and the following dimensions of intra-personal emotion regulation—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The participants included in the study were doctors from multi-specialty hospitals in Gurgaon district of Haryana. A total of 102 doctors were included in the study using convenience sampling. Correlational and step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the predictions. The results of the analysis confirmed the predictions as intrinsic job satisfaction and cognitive reappraisal significantly and positively predicted life satisfaction. The findings were discussed in the light of available research along with implications of the study and possible avenues for future research.

Genetic and environmental influences on emotion regulation: A twin study of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateri McRae ◽  
Soo Hyun Rhee ◽  
Justine M. Gatt ◽  
Detre Godinez ◽  
Leanne M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression
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