scholarly journals Placing an ensemble of pressure sensors for leak detection in water distribution networks under measurement uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Raei ◽  
M. Ehsan Shafiee ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nikoo ◽  
Emily Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Large volumes of water are wasted through leakage in water distribution networks, and early detection of leakages is important to minimize lost water. Pressure sensors can be placed in a network to detect changes in pressure that indicate the presence of a new leak. This study presents a new approach for placing a set of pressure sensors by creating a list of candidate locations based on sensitivity to leaks that are simulated at all potential nodes in a network. The selection of a set of sensors is explored for two objectives, which are the minimization of the number of sensors and the time of detection. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to explore trade-offs between these objectives. The effect of measurement uncertainty on the selection of sensor locations is explored by identifying alternative non-dominated fronts for different values for sensor error. The evolutionary algorithm-based approach is applied and demonstrated for the C-Town water network.

scholarly journals Robust Data-Driven Leak Localization in Water Distribution Networks Using Pressure Measurements and Topological Information

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7551
Author(s):  
Débora Alves ◽  
Joaquim Blesa ◽  
Eric Duviella ◽  
Lala Rajaoarisoa
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Leak Pressure ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Topological Information ◽  
Probable Path

This article presents a new data-driven method for locating leaks in water distribution networks (WDNs). It is triggered after a leak has been detected in the WDN. The proposed approach is based on the use of inlet pressure and flow measurements, other pressure measurements available at some selected inner nodes of the WDN, and the topological information of the network. A reduced-order model structure is used to calculate non-leak pressure estimations at sensed inner nodes. Residuals are generated using the comparison between these estimations and leak pressure measurements. In a leak scenario, it is possible to determine the relative incidence of a leak in a node by using the network topology and what it means to correlate the probable leaking nodes with the available residual information. Topological information and residual information can be integrated into a likelihood index used to determine the most probable leak node in the WDN at a given instant k or, through applying the Bayes’ rule, in a time horizon. The likelihood index is based on a new incidence factor that considers the most probable path of water from reservoirs to pressure sensors and potential leak nodes. In addition, a pressure sensor validation method based on pressure residuals that allows the detection of sensor faults is proposed.

scholarly journals A Pressure Monitoring System for Water Distribution Networks Based on Arduino Microcontroller

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2321
Author(s):  
Federica Bruno ◽  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Barbara Milici ◽  
Domenico Saccone ◽  
Fabrizio Traina
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller

Efficient management of water distribution networks (WDNs) is currently a focal point, especially in countries where water scarcity conditions are more and more amplified by frequent drought periods. In these cases, in fact, pressure becomes the fundamental variable in managing the WDNs. Similarly, WDNs are often obsolete and affected by several points of water losses. Leakages are mainly affected by pressure; in fact, water utilities usually apply the technique of pressure management to reduce physical losses. It is clear how pressure plays a fundamental role in the management of WDNs and in water safety. Even though the technologies are quite mature, these systems are often expensive, especially if a capillarity monitoring system is required; thus, water managers apply the measurement of the flow rate and pressure at very few points. Today, the implementation of the Internet of things (IoT) can be considered a key strategy for monitoring water distribution systems. Once the sensors are installed, in fact, it is relatively easy to build a communication system able to collect and send data from the network. In the proposed study, a smart pressure monitoring system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software. The prototype system is composed of an Arduino microcontroller, a printed circuit board, and eight pressure transducers. The efficiency of the proposed tool was compared with a SCADA monitoring system. To investigate on the efficiency of the proposed measurement system, an experimental campaign was carried out at the Environmental Hydraulic Laboratory of the University of Enna (Italy), and hydrostatic as well as hydrodynamic tests were performed. The results showed the ability of the proposed pressure monitor tool to have control of the water pressure in a WDN with a simple, scalable, and economic system. The proposed system can be easily implemented in a real WDN by water utilities, thus improving the knowledge of pressure and increasing the efficiency level of the WDN management.

scholarly journals Use of Energy-Based Domain Knowledge as Feedback to Evolutionary Algorithms for the Optimization of Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3101
Author(s):  
Diego Páez ◽  
Camilo Salcedo ◽  
Alexander Garzón ◽  
María Alejandra González ◽  
Juan Saldarriaga
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Periodic Feedback

The optimization of water distribution networks (WDN) has evolved, requiring approaches that seek to reduce capital costs and maximize the reliability of the system simultaneously. Hence, several evolutionary algorithms, such as the non-dominated sorting-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (NSGA-II), have been widely used despite the high computational costs required to achieve an acceptable solution. Alternatively, energy-based methods have been used to reach near-optimal solutions with reduced computational requirements. This paper presents a method to combine the domain knowledge given by energy-based methods with an evolutionary algorithm, in a way that improves the convergence rate and reduces the overall computational requirements to find near-optimal Pareto fronts (PFs). This method is divided into three steps: parameters calibration, preprocessing of the optimal power use surface (OPUS) results, and periodic feedback using OPUS in NSGA II. The method was tested in four benchmark networks with different characteristics, seeking to minimize the costs of the WDN and maximizing its reliability. Then the results were compared with a generic implementation of NSGA-II, and the performance and quality of the solutions were evaluated using two metrics: hypervolume (HV) and modified inverted generational distance (IGD+). The results showed that the feedback procedure increases the efficiency of the algorithm, particularly the first time the algorithm is retrofitted.

scholarly journals Optimal Selection of Pumps As Turbines in Water Distribution Networks

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Francesco Pugliese ◽  
Francesco De Paola ◽  
Nicola Fontana ◽  
Gustavo Marini ◽  
Maurizio Giugni
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Selection Of

Pumps As Turbines (PATs) can be installed in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) to couple pressure regulation and small-scale hydropower generation. The selection of PATs in WDNs needs proper knowledge about both the performances of machines available in the market and the operating conditions of the network. In this paper, a procedure for the preliminary selection of a PAT is proposed, based on the design of the main parameters (the head drop and the produced power at the Best Efficiency Point, the impeller diameter and the rotational speed) to both maximize the producible power and regulate the exceeding pressure.

scholarly journals An Integrated Bottom-Up Approach for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Based on Assessing Parameters of Water Balance Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Jie Yu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jinyu Chen ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Dibo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Moment Estimation

Loss of water due to leakage is a common phenomenon observed practically in all water distribution networks (WDNs). However, the leakage volume can be reduced significantly if the occurrence of leakage is detected within minimal time after its occurrence. Based on the discriminative behavior of different consumption in water balance, an integrated bottom-up water balance model is presented for leak detection in WDNs. The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm is employed to assess the parameters in the model. By analyzing the current value and the rising rate of the assessed parameters, abnormal events (e.g., leak, illegal use, or metering inaccuracy) could be detected. Furthermore, a one-step-slower strategy is proposed to estimate the weighted coefficient of pressure sensors to provide approximate location information of leak. The method was applied in a benchmark WDN and an experimental WDN to evaluate its performance. The results showed that relatively small leak could be detected in near-real-time. In addition, the method was able to identify the pressure sensors near to the leak.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document