scholarly journals The Wind Influence on the Jutland Coastal Current Interpreted on the Basis of som Observations

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Ekman Transport ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Residual Transport ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Major River ◽  
Wind Influence

The Jutland Coastal Current (JCC) is a freshwater-influenced coastal current localised in the south-eastern part of the North Sea. Its main sources are the Elbe, the Weser, and the Ems, which run into the German Bight, as well as smaller rivers along the Danish west coast. Tides, buoyancy and wind mainly determine the flow field in the Jutland Coastal Current. The Ekman transport in the North Sea far away from land feeds the coastal current along the Jutland coastline within approximately one Rossby radius of the coastline. In this study the influence of the wind on the Jutland Coastal Current (JCC) is investigated on the basis of measurements of wind, salinity, nitrate and current. The wind determines the spatial extent of the current and only during south-southwesterly winds does the JCC flow into the Skagerrak. The major river discharge into the German Bight in 1995 was followed by a decrease in the salinity outside Hirtshals after only 21-45 days in connection with changing southerly and westerly winds. On the 50-hour time-scale the wind determines the gross and residual transport in the JCC as expected from the Ekman transport, together with minor contributions from the buoyancy and tide. The spatial nitrate distributions clearly indicate an inter-annual variation in the nitrate concentrations and thus influence the transport of nitrate.

A cadmium budget for the German Bight in the North Sea

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Radach ◽  
K. Heyer
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Investigations Upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Summer, 1924

1927 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The North Sea

In July, 1924, 250 floating, and an equal number of bottom-trailing, bottles were put out at selected places in the western English Channel. Fifty of each type were put out at each of the two routine Stations E2 and E3, and the same number was “liberated” at each of three selected stretches along the steamship route from Southampton to St. Malo. Those surface bottles, which did not strand locally, travelled rapidly up Channel towards the North Sea and across it. Many bottles arrived in the Skager-Rack after performing their journey of some 700 miles at the rate of 6 miles a day and more. An adequate study of wind conditions, as recorded at several stations along the length of the Channel and at one station in the southern North Sea, revealed the fact that there was, for some 5½ months (counting from the time of liberation of the bottles), an almost uninterrupted predominance of south-westerly winds—as recorded at all stations considered. The whole area of the Channel was swept by south-westerly winds of average speed of some 9 miles a day for at least 5½ months subsequent to the time of putting out of the bottles. July, 1924, had (according to the Falmouth Observatory records) the largest proportion of westerly winds experienced for 54 years; 20 days of this month had winds with westerly components. The association of the unusually persistent westerly winds with the rapid travel of surface bottles towards and across the North Sea is interesting.

Sources and Fate of PCBs in the North Sea: A Review of Available Data

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Klamer ◽  
R. W. P. M. Laane ◽  
J. M. Marquenie
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Seal Population ◽  
The North Sea

From literature data it is calculated that on an annual basis, 11 to 17 tonnes of PCBs enter the North Sea. Largest sources are the Atlantic Ocean and the atmosphere: together they account for 60-79% of the total input. Sources with greatest impact are the rivers, sewers and sludge. Highest concentrations are found close to the Dutch shore and in the German Bight. The PCB levels result in adverse effects on the seal population in the Wadden Sea. Of the total world PCB production, at least 57% is still in use and their future dispersal into the oceans cannot easily be controlled. If the increase in ocean PCB concentration continues, it may ultimately result in the extinction of fish-eating marine mammals.

Thalassiosiraspecies (Bacillariophyceae, Thalassiosirales) in the North Sea at Helgoland (German Bight) and Sylt (North Frisian Wadden Sea) – a first approach to assessing diversity

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hoppenrath ◽  
Bank Beszteri ◽  
Gerhard Drebes ◽  
Hannelore Halliger ◽  
Justus E. E. Van Beusekom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
North Frisian

scholarly journals The significance of coastal bathymetry representation for modelling the tidal response to mean sea level rise in the German Bight

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Rasquin ◽  
Rita Seiffert ◽  
Benno Wachler ◽  
Norbert Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Due to climate change an accelerated mean sea level rise is expected. One key question for the development of adaptation measures is how mean sea level rise affects tidal dynamics in shelf seas such as the North Sea. Owing to its low-lying coastal areas, the German Bight (located in the southeast of the North Sea) will be especially affected. Numerical hydrodynamic models help to understand how mean sea level rise changes tidal dynamics. Models cannot adequately represent all processes in overall detail. One limiting factor is the resolution of the model grid. In this study we investigate which role the representation of the coastal bathymetry plays when analysing the response of tidal dynamics to mean sea level rise. Using a shelf model including the whole North Sea and a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of the German Bight we investigate the changes in M2 amplitude due to a mean sea level rise of 0.8 and 10 m. The shelf model and the German Bight Model react in different ways. In the simulations with a mean sea level rise of 0.8 m the M2 amplitude in the shelf model generally increases in the region of the German Bight. In contrast, the M2 amplitude in the German Bight Model increases only in some coastal areas and decreases in the northern part of the German Bight. In the simulations with a mean sea level rise of 10 m the M2 amplitude increases in both models with largely similar spatial patterns. In two case studies we adjust the German Bight Model in order to more closely resemble the shelf model. We find that a different resolution of the bathymetry results in different energy dissipation changes in response to mean sea level rise. Our results show that the resolution of the bathymetry especially in flat intertidal areas plays a crucial role for modelling the impact of mean sea level rise.

XXII.—Studies on the Scottish Marine Fauna: The Natural Faunistic Divisions of the North Sea as shown by the Quantitative Distribution of the Molluscs

1934 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
The North Sea

With the renewal of activities in Fishery Research, which took place in the lands bordering the North Sea after the War, fresh lines of investigation were introduced. Amongst others, quantitative surveys of the bottom fauna similar to those carried out by Petersen were undertaken by several countries. The southern part of the North Sea was examined by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and the results were published by Davis (2, 3). Other work undertaken in the German Bight was published by Hagmeier (6). A small survey was carried out by Petersen (8) in the North Sea off the north-west coast of Denmark. Areas to the north and west of Scotland, as well as the northern half of the North Sea, were surveyed by the Fishery Board for Scotland and a preliminary account published (11). The present paper is, in part, a summary of the results of the survey work carried out by the Fishery Board for Scotland in the northern part of the North Sea during the years 1922-25, supplemented by a subsequent survey of the intertidal areas undertaken privately; in part an analysis of the faunistic divisions of the North Sea based on the distribution of the molluscs, especially lamellibranchs, as recorded in the above papers. So far as the North Sea is concerned, the area covered by the Scottish investigations is bounded on the south approximately by latitude 56° N., and on the east and north by the 200 m. (100 fm.) contour.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document