Spatial analysis of rural drinking water supply in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Kaitai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Rural Drinking Water Supply

A spatial autocorrelation analysis method was employed to process the spatial change of rural water supply over the past 19 years in the People's Republic of China. Statistical analyses indicate great achievements in rural water supply construction. Two main indices describing rural drinking water supply status, the Rural Popularization Rate of Tap Water and the Rural Popularization Rate of Water Improvement Beneficiaries, were found to be spatially auto-correlated. The Global Moran's I of the latter decreased generally, and local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the regional gap of rural water supply infrastructure is declining. The main factors affecting the spatial pattern of rural water supply were analyzed through the mean centre method. Our research shows that the spatial pattern of economic development and government investment has had a decisive role in the formation and evolution of rural water supply.

Institutional variations in practice of demand responsive approach: evidence from rural water supply in India

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyapriya Rout
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Village Communities

The paper reports the main findings of a study, designed to develop a better understanding of institutional variations in working with the demand responsive approach (DRA) in rural water supply in the state of Odisha in India. Data for the paper were collected from twelve village communities, where water is being supplied either through their community based institution or through the local government institution of the Gram Panchayat. The findings suggest that the two types of institutions performed differently in implementing the DRA. It depicted that the DRA under the broader rubric of institutional reforms in the water sector has failed to address the question of social inequality, and rather had reinforced and extended the already existing inequity of Indian society to access to safe and secure drinking water in rural areas. The study highlights that participation, cost recovery, full operation and management transfer may be an efficient proposition, but not sustainable in the long run without proper investment in institution building and support from the state, especially in provisioning of basic services like drinking water to rural poor.

scholarly journals Revisiting the history, concepts and typologies of community management for rural drinking water supply in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hutchings ◽  
Richard Franceys ◽  
Snehalatha Mekala ◽  
Stef Smits ◽  
A. J. James
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Rural Drinking Water Supply

scholarly journals Spatial Clustering of ILI in Yunnan Province, China, Based on a Geographical Information System

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiao ◽  
Chunrui Luo ◽  
Xiaoxiao Song ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Le Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Cross Border

This research explored the spatial pattern of ILI in one poorer and numerous cross-border-mobility-populations in China. A spatial autocorrelation analysis, "Local" and "Global", "Moran" I, carried out in Yunnan province for 5-year sentinel surveillance data. Four counties shown high susceptible to ILI, which maybe result from poorer surrounding districts or be neighboring with Vietnam or/and Laos.

scholarly journals A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
D. Daniel ◽  
Julivius Prawira ◽  
Trimo Pamudji Al Djono ◽  
S. Subandriyo ◽  
Arya Rezagama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Rural Drinking Water Supply

The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the model development and simulation: financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social aspects. Eight scenario analyses related to those five aspects were conducted. The causal loop diagrams suggest that the overall loop in the system is reinforcing, meaning that the improvement in one aspect will improve the overall condition of the system and deterioration in one aspect will reduce the overall condition of the system. Scenario analysis shows that external fund is critical to support the program financially, especially at the beginning of the project when the piped system is being built and water revenue is still low. Scenario and sensitivity analyses revealed that human factors, i.e., the performance of the water board and response and support from the community, positively influence the sustainability of the water supply program. Additionally, the water board plays a key role in accelerating the pipe network growth. Finally, this paper argues that visualising and simulating the causal relationship and dynamic behaviour of the rural water supply program are critical for water stakeholders to better design and implement the water supply program.

Water for All (Har Ghar Jal): Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS) in India (2013–2018), Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-284
Author(s):  
Sriroop Chaudhuri ◽  
Mimi Roy ◽  
Louis M. McDonald ◽  
Yves Emendack
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
The Core ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Sustainable delivery of drinking water of adequate quantity/quality sits at the core of rural development paradigms worldwide. The overarching goal of this study was to assess operational performance of rural water supply services (RWSS) in India to help authorities understand challenges/shortfalls vis-à-vis opportunities. Data on habitation-level coverage, aggregated by states between 2013 and 2018, were obtained from the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) database, against two water supply norms, namely, 40 lpcd and 55 lpcd (litres per capita per day). Results indicate that certain states are faring better (providing full coverage to over 90% habitations) while others are lagging (e.g., the north-eastern region, and Kerala and Karnataka in the South, for both norms). Several states yet fail to provide 55 lpcd to over half of their rural habitations. Overall, RWSS is marked by high spatial heterogeneity, inequality and recurrent slip-backs (decline in year-to-year habitation coverage) that thwart the basic motto of NRDWP— Har Ghar Jal (Water for All). Ground-level experience reveals a mismatch between theoretical systems’ output (40 lpcd and 55 lpcd) and on-site delivery, and highly intermittent services. Moreover, frequent scheme failure/abandonment adds to systems’ uncertainties and water users’ plight. A multitude of operational/organisational flaws, associated with government waterworks bodies, at different levels of systems’ hierarchy, limit RWSS operational performance. To that end, the concluding section argues for a demand-driven RWSS model (bottom-up systems’ governance) and highlights the core tenets of the same that call for integration of environmental, social, cultural, ethical and political perspectives in RWSS systems’ thinking/design.

scholarly journals Quality of drinking water from rural water supply after the may flood 2014 in the area of Kraljevo

Tehnika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Marinovic ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
Nebojsa Dimitrijevic ◽  
Marina Stojanovic ◽  
Danilo Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water
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