scholarly journals Monitoring the characteristics and removal of natural organic matter fractions in selected South African water treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-946
Author(s):  
Welldone Moyo ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Machawe M. Motsa ◽  
Titus A. M. Msagati ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Gaussian Peak ◽  
Coastal Plants ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract This study used spectroscopic methods to investigate the fate and dynamics of natural organic matter (NOM) as it traverses the treatment train at three water treatment plants (WTPs) in South Africa. The character, quantity, and removability of NOM at specific treatment stages was investigated by measuring changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific ultra-violet absorbance, UV absorbance, various spectroscopic indices, and maximum fluorescence intensity levels. A novel method of identifying and quantifying fluorescent fractions by combining synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and Gaussian peak fitting is presented. The dynamics of NOM removal were modeled using 2D-SFS correlation spectroscopy. Humic and fulvic substances dominated coastal plants and were the most amenable for removal by coagulation as shown by Hermanus WTP (plant H), which had a 42% DOC removal at the coagulation stage. Tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like and microbial humic-like substances were degraded or transformed concurrently at plant Flag Bushiole (FB) whereas, at plant H, fulvic-like matter was transformed first followed by tyrosine-like then humic-like matter. Through 2D-SFS, this study revealed that NOM transformation was varied as a consequence of NOM character, the type and dosage of treatment chemicals used, and WTPs operational parameters.

Determination of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Fractions of Natural Organic Matter in Raw Water of Jalalieh and Tehranspars Water Treatment Plants (Tehran)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2651-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zazouli ◽  
S. Nasseri . ◽  
A.H. Mahvi . ◽  
A.R. Mesdaghinia . ◽  
M. Younecian . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

PARAFAC model as an innovative tool for monitoring natural organic matter removal in water treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikelelwa N. Ndiweni ◽  
Michael Chys ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Stijn W. H. Van Hulle ◽  
Thabo T. I. Nkambule
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Filter Clogging

Abstract The increase of fluorescent natural organic matter (fNOM) fractions during drinking water treatment might lead to an increased coagulant dose and filter clogging, and can be a precursor for disinfection by-products. Consequently, efficient fNOM removal is essential, for which characterisation of fNOM fractions is crucial. This study aims to develop a robust monitoring tool for assessing fNOM fractions across water treatment processes. To achieve this, water samples were collected from six South African water treatment plants (WTPs) during winter and summer, and two plants in Belgium during spring. The removal of fNOM was monitored by assessing fluorescence excitation–emission matrices datasets using parallel factor analysis. The removal of fNOM during summer for South African WTPs was in the range 69–85%, and decreased to 42–64% in winter. In Belgian WTPs, fNOM removal was in the range 74–78%. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between total fluorescence and total organic carbon (TOC). However, TOC had an insignificant contribution to the factors affecting fNOM removal. Overall, the study demonstrated the appearance of fNOM in the final chlorinated water, indicating that fNOM requires a customised monitoring technique.

The occurrence of natural organic matter in South African water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 100809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pfano Tshindane ◽  
Phumlile P. Mamba ◽  
Lerato Moss ◽  
Umhle U. Swana ◽  
Welldone Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
South African Water

The characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in South African waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-657
Author(s):  
T. I. Nkambule ◽  
R. W. M. Krause ◽  
J. Haarhoff ◽  
B. B. Mamba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water is becoming increasingly important in order to prevent the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). The inadequate removal of NOM has a bearing on the capacity of other treatment processes to remove organic micro-pollutants or inorganic species that may be present in water. In order to effectively study the nature of South African water sources in terms of their NOM composition, water samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants in the five geographic water regions of South Africa. A raw water sample, an intermediate sample taken before sand filtration and a final sample after sand filtration were collected three times from these water treatment plants at two-month intervals and over three different seasons. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (FEEM), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), ultraviolet (UV) characterisation (200–900 nm) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analyses were used to characterise the NOM in the water samples. The FEEM and UV results revealed that the samples were composed mainly of non-humic substances with low UV-254 absorbance, while some samples had high humic substances with high UV-254 values. The samples' DOC results were within the range of 3.25–21.44 mg/L carbon, which was indicative of the varying nature of the NOM composition in the regions where samples were collected. The BDOC fraction of the NOM, on the other hand, ranged from 20 to 65%, depending on the geographical location of the sampling site.

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