Low-flow devices in Spain: how efficient are they in fact? An accurate way of calculation

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cobacho ◽  
F. Arregui ◽  
L. Gascó;n ◽  
E. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Flow Devices

After introducing the indirect evaluation of urban water demand, which has been sometimes performed, this paper focus the attention on two complementary methods to overcome the accuracy problems on the planning process of water conservation programs: a detailed measurement of water consumption, reaching the identification and assessment of end uses of water, and the lab tests of water use devices. An application of both methods on a small Spanish town is presented as a case study.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks for Urban Water Demand Forecasting: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1284 ◽  
pp. 012004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro L Lorente-Leyva ◽  
Jairo F Pavón-Valencia ◽  
Yakcleem Montero-Santos ◽  
Israel D Herrera-Granda ◽  
Erick P Herrera-Granda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Demand Forecasting ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Artificial Neural

scholarly journals Forecasting of monthly stochastic signal of urban water demand: Baghdad as a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Yousif Raad Muhsin ◽  
Khalid Hashim ◽  
Rafid Alkhaddar
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Stochastic Signal ◽  
Urban Water Demand

scholarly journals Forecasting Urban Water Demand Using Cellular Automata

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Laís Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Samíria Maria Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho ◽  
Taís Maria Nunes Carvalho ◽  
Renata Locarno Frota
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Demand

Associating the dynamic spatial modeling based on the theory of cellular automata with remote sensing and geoprocessing technologies, this article analyzes what would be the per capita consumption behavior of Fortaleza-CE, located in the Northeast of Brazil, in 2017, had there not been a period of water scarcity between 2013 and 2017, and estimates the future urban water demand for the years 2021 and 2025. The weight of evidence method was applied to produce a transition probability map, that shows which areas will be more subject to consumption class change. For that, micro-measured water consumption data from 2009 and 2013 were used. The model was validated by the evaluation of diffuse similarity indices. A high level of similarity was found between the simulated and observed data (0.99). Future scenarios indicated an increase in water demand of 6.45% and 10.16% for 2021 and 2025, respectively, compared to 2017. The simulated annual growth rate was 1.27%. The expected results of urban water consumption for the years 2021 and 2025 are essential for local water resources management professionals and scientists, because, based on our results, these professionals will be able to outline future water resource management strategies.

Developing a demand model integrating end uses of water (DMEUW): structure and process of integration

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Sarker ◽  
S. Gato-Trinidad
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
End Use ◽  
Hypertext Markup Language ◽  
End Uses

The process of developing an integrated water demand model integrating end uses of water has been presented. The model estimates and forecasts average daily water demand based on the end-use pattern and trend of residential water consumption, daily rainfall and temperature, water restrictions and water conservation programmes. The end-use model uses the latest end-use data set collected from Yarra Valley Water, Australia. A computer interface has also been developed using hypertext markup language and hypertext pre-processor. The developed model can be used by water authorities and water resource planners in forecasting water demand and by household owners in determining household water consumption.

scholarly journals Water consumption forecasting using soft computing – a case study, Trinidad and Tobago

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3576-3584
Author(s):  
Lee P. Leon ◽  
Barkha Chaplot ◽  
Akil Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Gene Expression Programming ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Water scarcity is one of the world's fastest growing epidemics. Therefore, to combat it or mitigate the risks one must first understand how water is being consumed. This study focuses on the analysis of domestic water consumption with reference to how much of it is being consumed. Additionally, the study aims to propose an applicable and consistent method to forecast urban water consumption by using soft computing techniques. The investigation highlights the hourly, daily and monthly water consumption levels as well as the relationship between climate change and water demand using gene expression programming (GEP). The results of the study are relatively promising as it demonstrates that GEP can predict water consumption incorporating seasonal changes of wet and dry periods.

Impact of residential water saving devices on urban water security: A case of Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linrui Shi ◽  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
Haihong Li ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Residential Water

Beijing is a city with severe water shortage, and the rapidly growing economy and population has led to an increasing water demand for households. Thus, water conservation has become the...

Tackling uncertainties in infrastructure sectors through strategic planning: the contribution of discursive approaches in the urban water sector

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Dominguez ◽  
Bernhard Truffer ◽  
Willi Gujer
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Planning Approaches

Several strategic planning approaches have been proposed for dealing with future uncertainties in the urban water infrastructure sector. We identify three well established perspectives that address uncertainties in strategic decisions: an adaptive perspective, focusing on an incremental adaptation of existing structures as a reaction to unforeseen developments, a modeling perspective, focusing on an improved characterization of future context conditions and a managerial perspective, focusing on increasing the flexibility of the infrastructure organization. Despite their virtues, these approaches have definite weaknesses in their approach to uncertainty: they often consider a restricted scope of alternatives, they face substantial difficulties in predicting context conditions over time periods of decades and often consider objectives and tradeoffs only implicitly. We elaborate and illustrate with a case study a fourth perspective that may compensate for these specific weaknesses and complement the established strategic planning approaches. This perspective is based on a discursive, qualitative assessment of key elements in the strategic planning process among a selected set of local stakeholders and decision makers. We maintain that this approach leads to a more explicit and reflexive treatment of future uncertainty, conflicting objectives and a broadening of the considered alternatives and therefore to a more robust decision-making process.

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