Assessment of the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in houses in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Castellani Lopes ◽  
Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp ◽  
Enedir Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Santa Catarina State

The state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, has been suffering from water scarcity mainly over summer due to high potable water consumption and outdated water supply system. On the coast, several cities have their population doubled due to tourism during summer. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of 60 cities located in Santa Catarina state. Computer simulations using the Netuno computer programme were performed considering long-term daily rainfall time series for each city and typical characteristics of houses such as roof area, number of people per house, potable water demand and non-potable water demand (rainwater demand). In total, 2,700 simulations were performed. From the computer simulations, an ideal rainwater tank capacity and the corresponding potential for potable water savings for each case were obtained. Results showed average potable water savings ranging from 75 to 461 litres/day per house and rainwater tank capacities ranging from 1,000 to 16,000 litres. Despite the production of average outcomes using long-term daily rainfall data in cities with a high inter-annual variation of rainfall, results showed that the use of rainwater in houses may bring considerable potable water savings in Santa Catarina state and so could contribute to mitigating the potable water shortages.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Custódio ◽  
Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
City Council ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Daily Water

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of Joinville, a city located in southern Brazil. Data on roof areas of residential buildings were obtained from the Joinville city council. By considering the roof areas and typologies of residential buildings, representative models were created. The following parameters were used to determine the rainwater tank capacity: the number of dwellers; the total daily water demand per capita; and the rainwater demand. To carry out the simulations for determining the optimal rainwater tank sizes and potential for potable water savings, the computer program Netuno was used to run 33,720 different scenarios. By considering the occurrence percentage for each representative building model (weighted average), the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater was calculated. The average potential in the central region of Joinville was 18.5% when there is rainwater use only in toilets, and 40.8% when there is rainwater use in toilets and washing machines. The rainwater harvesting system showed a better performance for a rainwater demand equal to 20% of the total daily water demand. The results indicate the necessity to properly size rainwater tank capacities to meet water demands, thereby encouraging more people to adopt rainwater harvesting as an alternative source for non-potable water in buildings. The demand for rainwater should be carefully evaluated, especially in multi-story residential buildings, due to the low availability of roof areas.

Demographic structure of clonal, endemic, and endangered rheophyte bromeliad Dyckia ibiramensis: asexual vs sexual reproduction

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marcia Rogalski ◽  
Isabela Schmitt Berkenbrock ◽  
Neide Koehntopp Vieira ◽  
Ademir Reis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Abstract In southern Brazil some species of Dyckia genus occur as rheophytes. Dyckia ibiramensis is an endemic bromeliad that occurs in discrete patches of the rocky banks along Itajaí do Norte River, Santa Catarina state. Four populations along Itajaí do Norte River were studied. In each population, all rosettes were counted and the diameter of each rosette was measured. The spatial distribution of the rosettes was identified as an isolated rosette or a clump. The clumps were classified according to the number of rosettes. The total number of rosettes per population ranged from 295 to 1,412. Most rosettes occur in clumps (98.1%), and 41% have reproductive rosettes. The number of rosettes per clump ranged from two to 43 rosettes. The percentage of reproductive rosettes per population ranged from 7.8 to 26.7%. The correlation between the number of clumps or between the total number of rosettes and the area of occupation was significant and positive. Few seedlings and isolated rosettes, production of offshoots occurred on both immature, and reproductive rosettes, and clumps with few rosettes can indicate the clonal propagation predominate in D. ibiramensis. Therefore, the maintenance and monitoring of the populations are essential for its long-term in situ conservation.

Valeriana iganciana (Valerianaceae), a new species from the highland grasslands of Serra do Tabuleiro, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 364 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
CASSIO RABUSKE DA SILVA ◽  
JOSIMAR KÜLKAMP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Entire Margin ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Valeriana iganciana, an endemic species from the Serra do Tabuleiro highlands of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species shares morphological affinities with V. ulei, from which it is distinguished mainly by leaves with entire margin, by the cymose architecture of the inflorescence and by the triquetrous and elliptical fruits with annular to dentate calyx.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE DECLINE WITH THE USE OF DRAINS AND RIDGES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
REMI NATALIN DAMBROS ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO DALBÓ ◽  
CRISTIANO JOÃO ARIOLI ◽  
MILTON DA VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT The incidence of grapevine decline and dye back is quite severe in grapevine-growing regions of southern Brazil, especially in the Midwest of Santa Catarina State. Field studies on problematic areas identified the presence of the Brazilian ground pearl or margarodes (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Hempel) and soil fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium and others) associated with the disease. Soil characteristics such as high clay content and poor aeration were associated with the problem. To evaluate the effect of pre-planting tillage in reducing the incidence of grapevine decline, an experiment was carried out with two rootstocks and three pre-planting tillage (regular plowing, drains, and ridges) in an area where high plant mortality had been previously observed. Pre-planting tillage with the use of ridges along the rows gave the best results with a drastic reduction in the decline incidence. The number of ground pearl cysts was unaffected by pre-planting tillage and did not relate with the incidence of decline and death of plants.

scholarly journals Southernmost records of Pachyramphus marginatus (Passeriformes: Tityridae) and first observation for Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil

Biotemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fernando Bittencourt de Farias ◽  
Guilherme Willrich ◽  
Guilherme Renzo Rocha Brito
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Northeastern Coast ◽  
Santa Catarina State ◽  
Geographically Isolated

The Black-capped Becard (Pachyramphus marginatus) has two geographically isolated subspecies, including the Atlantic Forest subspecies that is distributed from Pernambuco State to Paraná State. Here we report the first observation of the species in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. On 12 November 2019 an adult male of P. marginatus was observed in the municipality of São Francisco do Sul, on the northeastern coast of Santa Catarina, during an inventory for the creation of a protected area. The species was also observed on three other occasions in the same locality. These are the first known records for Santa Catarina and extend the known distribution range of this species 40 km southward. We also discuss some explanations for the records.

Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Southeastern Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3779 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS CARNEIRO NOVAES ◽  
PITÁGORAS DA CONCEIÇÃO BISPO
Keyword(s):  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Polychaetes from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil): checklist and remarks on species distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3486 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO ROBERTO PAGLIOSA ◽  
JOÃO GABRIEL DORIA ◽  
GIORGIA FREITAS ALVES ◽  
TITO CESAR MARQUES DE ALMEIDA ◽  
LUCIANO LORENZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Rarefaction Curves ◽  
Occurrence Of Species ◽  
Santa Catarina State

This study summarizes taxonomic information on polychaetes from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, between25º57'S and 29º23'S, and provides species distribution records together with information on habitats, based on historicaldata and novel records from primary surveys. Rarefaction curves showed that most species were found in the shallowsublittoral (to 60 m) rather than in deep sublittoral (>60 m) or estuarine habitats. Altogether, 228 valid species belongingto 141 genera and 44 families were recorded. This inventory adds 141 new records to previous regional reports. We founda shift in occurrence of species when comparing data from the study area with data from both southward (29–33º S) andnorthward (23–26º S) sites. Few species were shared between consecutive sites: this could be a response to the regionalbehaviour of the atmosphere and water masses, with a progressive increase in the influence of subantarctic waters and a decrease in the influence of subtropical waters.

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