scholarly journals Real-time water allocation policies calculated with bankruptcy games and genetic programing

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Elman Athari ◽  
Elahe Fallah-Mehdipour ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Bankruptcy Games ◽  
Bankruptcy Game

Abstract Population growth coupled with increased urban and agricultural water use have exacerbated water shortages worldwide. Conflicts among water users frequently arise over scarce water. The application of conflict resolution methods has the potential to resolve such conflicts. Bankruptcy games is a branch of game theory applicable to problems dealing with conflict resolution. This study addresses water allocation to urban-industrial, agricultural, and environmental water uses downstream of the Zarrineh-roud dam, Iran, which diverts water from the Zarrineh-roud River, an important tributary to Lake Urmia. Lake Urmia has been severely stressed by reduction of its water inputs. Water allocation is posed in this study as a bankruptcy game in which the allocation to stakeholders is optimized with proportional (P), adjusted proportional, constrained equal award (CEA), and constrained equal losses methods. The CEA was chosen as the best allocation method based on performance criteria and the Bankruptcy Allocation Sustainability Index. Monthly, real-time, water allocation rule curves were calculated with genetic programming.

scholarly journals An Optimal Water Resource Allocation Mechanism Based on Ex-Post Verification and Reward in Huangbai River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jiaying Li
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Water Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Demand Information

Under the current administrative system (AS) in China, the water resources governor allocates limited water resources to several users to realize the utility of water resources, leading to a principal–agent problem. The governor (referred to as the principal and she) wishes to maximize water resource allocation efficiency, while each user (referred to as the agent and he) only wishes to maximize his own quota. In addition, the governor cannot know water demand information exactly since it is the water users’ private information. Hence, this paper builds an ex ante improved bankruptcy allocation rule and an ex post verification and reward mechanism to improve water allocation efficiency from the governor’s perspective. In this mechanism, the governor allocates water among users based on an improved bankruptcy rule before the water is used up, verifies users’ information by various approaches, and poses a negative reward to them if their information is found to be false after the water is used up. Then, this mechanism is applied to Huangbai River Basin. Research results show that the improved allocation rule could motivate users to report demand information more honestly, and ex post verification could motivate water users to further report their true information, which, as a result, could improve the water allocation efficiency. Furthermore, this mechanism could be applied to the allocation of other resources.

A framework for optimal water allocation considering water value, strategic management and conflict resolution

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meraj Sohrabi ◽  
Zeynab Banoo Ahani Amineh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan ◽  
Hossein Zanjanian
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Optimal Water Allocation

Optimal Water Allocation in Irrigation Networks Based on Real Time Climatic Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud parsinejad ◽  
Amin Bemani Yazdi ◽  
Shahab Araghinejad ◽  
Pouyan Nejadhashemi ◽  
Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Irrigation Networks ◽  
Optimal Water Allocation

scholarly journals Application of real-time PCR for quantitative detection ofCampylobacter jejuniin poultry, milk and environmental water

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbo Yang ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Kehe Huang ◽  
Changqing Zhu ◽  
Yulong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Quantitative Detection

scholarly journals A Set of Conventional and Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays for Direct Detection of Elsinoë fawcettii, E. australis, and Pseudocercospora angolensis in Citrus Fruits

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Ahmed ◽  
Jacqueline Hubert ◽  
Céline Fourrier-Jeandel ◽  
Megan M. Dewdney ◽  
Jaime Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Conventional Pcr

Elsinoë fawcettii, E. australis, and Pseudocercospora angolensis are causal agents of citrus scab and spot diseases. The three pathogens are listed as quarantine pests in many countries and are subject to phytosanitary measures to prevent their entry. Diagnosis of these diseases based on visual symptoms is problematic, as they could be confused with other citrus diseases. Isolation of E. fawcettii, E. australis, and P. angolensis from infected tissues is challenging because they grow slowly on culture media. This study developed rapid and specific detection tools for the in planta detection of these pathogens, using either conventional PCR or one-tube multiplex real-time PCR. Primers and hybridization probes were designed to target the single-copy protein-coding gene MS204 for E. fawcettii and E. australis and the translation elongation factor (Tef-1α) gene for P. angolensis. The specificity of the assays was evaluated by testing against DNA extracted from a large number of isolates (102) collected from different citrus-growing areas in the world and from other hosts. The newly described species E. citricola was not included in the specificity test due to its unavailability from the CBS collection. The detection limits of conventional PCR for the three pathogens were 100, 100, and 10 pg μl−1 gDNA per reaction for E. fawcettii, E. australis, and P. angolensis, respectively. The quadruplex qPCR was fully validated assessing the following performance criteria: sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness. The quadruplex real-time PCR proved to be highly sensitive, detecting as low as 243, 241, and 242 plasmidic copies (pc) μl−1 of E. fawcettii, E. australis, and P. angolensis, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of this quadruplex assay were further confirmed using 176 naturally infected citrus samples collected from Ethiopia, Cameroon, the United States, and Australia. The quadruplex assay developed in this study is robust, cost-effective, and capable of high-throughput detection of the three targets directly from citrus samples. This new detection tool will substantially reduce the turnaround time for reliable species identification and allow rapid response and appropriate action.

Preliminary Application of Molecular Monitoring of the Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) Based on Real-time PCR Assay Utilization on Environmental Water Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Keun-Yong Kim ◽  
Jung Soo Heo ◽  
Seong Yong Moon ◽  
Keun-Sik Kim ◽  
Jung-Hwa Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Molecular Monitoring ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Preliminary Application

scholarly journals Quantitation of 35S Promoter in Maize DNA Extracts from Genetically Modified Organisms Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Part 2: Interlaboratory Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Feinberg ◽  
Sophie Fernandez ◽  
Sylvanie Cassard ◽  
Chrystèle Charles-Delobel ◽  
Yves Bertheau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Network of GMO Working Laboratories have proposed development of a modular strategy for stepwise validation of complex analytical techniques. When applied to the quantitation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products, the instrumental quantitation step of the technique is separately validated from the DNA extraction step to better control the sources of uncertainty and facilitate the validation of GMO-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory study on the quantitation step of the method standardized by CEN for the detection of a regulatory element commonly inserted in GMO maize-based foods. This is focused on the quantitation of P35S promoter through using the quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fifteen French laboratories participated in the interlaboratory study of the P35S quantitation operating procedure on DNA extract samples using either the thermal cycler ABI Prism® 7700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) or Light Cycler® (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). Attention was focused on DNA extract samples used to calibrate the method and unknown extract samples. Data were processed according to the recommendations of ISO 5725 standard. Performance criteria, obtained using the robust algorithm, were compared to the classic data processing after rejection of outliers by the Cochran and Grubbs tests. Two laboratories were detected as outliers by the Grubbs test. The robust precision criteria gave values between the classical values estimated before and after rejection of the outliers. Using the robust method, the relative expanded uncertainty by the quantitation method is about 20% for a 1% Bt176 content, whereas it can reach 40% for a 0.1% Bt176. The performances of the quantitation assay are relevant to the application of the European regulation, which has an accepted tolerance interval of about ±50%. These data were fitted to a power model (r2 = 0.96). Thanks to this model, it is possible to propose an estimation of uncertainty of the QRT-PCR quantitation step and an uncertainty budget depending on the analytical conditions.

scholarly journals Quantification of the 35S Promoter in DNA Extracts from Genetically Modified Organisms Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Specificity Assessment on Various Genetically Modified Organisms, Part I: Operating Procedure

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Fernandez ◽  
Chrystèle Charles-Delobel ◽  
Angèle Geldreich ◽  
Georges Berthier ◽  
Francine Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Conserved Sequence

Abstract A highly sensitive quantitative real-time assay targeted on the 35S promoter of a commercial genetically modified organism (GMO) was characterized (sF/sR primers) and developed for an ABI Prism® 7700 Sequence Detection System and TaqMan® chemistry. The specificity assessment and performance criteria of sF/sR assay were compared to other P35S-targeted published assays. sF/sR primers amplified a 79 base pair DNA sequence located in a part of P35S that is highly conserved among many caulimovirus strains, i.e., this consensus part of CaMV P35S is likely to be present in many GM events. According to the experimental conditions, the absolute limit of detection for Bt176 corn was estimated between 0.2 and 2 copies of equivalent genome (CEG). The limit of quantification was reached below 0.1% Bt176 content. A Cauliflower Mosaic Virus control (CaMV) qualitative assay targeted on the ORF III of the viral genome was also used as a control (primers 3F/3R) to assess the presence of CaMV in plant-derived products. The specificity of this test was assessed on various CaMV strains, including the Figwort Mosaic Virus (FMV) and solanaceous CaMV strains. Considering the performance of sF/sR quantification test, the highly conserved sequence, and the small size of the amplicon, this assay was tested in a collaborative study in order to be proposed as an international standard.

Transboundary water allocation under water scarce and uncertain conditions: a stochastic bankruptcy approach

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu ◽  
Weijun He ◽  
Jian Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Stochastic Game ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Constrained Equal Awards Rule ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Constrained Equal Awards

Designing a feasible and stable water sharing mechanism for transboundary river basins is a big challenge. The stochastic and uncertain characteristics of water flow in these rivers is among the main reasons which make the formation of cooperative coalitions with feasible water allocations and self-enforceable allocation agreements difficult. When the water in these river basins is scarce the task becomes even more challenging. This article focuses on the application of stochastic game theoretic extension of the bankruptcy concept to transboundary water resource sharing under water scarce and uncertain conditions. Among the water allocation vectors obtained from stochastic bankruptcy rules only the ones from the stochastic constrained equal awards rule were self-enforcing under uncertainty. Furthermore, the authors also proposed an allocation rule that can be used under a stochastic setting. The proposed rule provides water allocations that are self-enforcing in the absence of uncertainty. Generally, the application of the stochastic bankruptcy approach could be a source of important strategic information which can serve for the sustainable sharing and management of these vital sources of fresh water, particularly during water scarcity.

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