Cropping pattern and schedule using K-Factor for optimizing irrigation networks operation in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area, Aceh, Indonesia

Determining the cropping pattern and schedule according to the availability and requirement of irrigation water is important in an irrigation command area. Supplying irrigation water in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is still less effective in the dry season, so it is necessary to review the existing cropping pattern and schedule in the irrigation area by considering the K factor. To achieve optimal irrigation networks operation, simulation of cropping patterns and schedules based on the K factor was conducted. Optimal cropping patterns and schedules were determined by the highest frequency of the half-month K factor greater than 0.75. The best cropping pattern and schedule for Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area was rice-rice-soybean cropping pattern with first planting season started in mid-July, second planting season in mid-November and third planting season in mid-March. The results achieved the best frequency of K factor > 0.75 as many as 15 times, K factor in the range of 0.50 - 0.75 as many as 3 times, and K factor < 0.25 as many as 4 times. The application of the selected cropping pattern and schedule was done by allocating water into three groups in case of the K factor < 0.75, namely Group I (Menara and Krueng Aceh Extension secondary canal), Group II (Krueng Jreu Kiri secondary canal) and Group III (Kayee, Lamkrah, and Inong secondary canal).

The Impact Of The Expansion Of Irrigation Networks In The Fergana Valley On The Aral Sea Tragedy

This article discusses the unregulated use of Syrdarya water resources, which had a significant impact on the Aral Sea tragedy.

Farmers’ Participation in Irrigation Management in the Punggur Utara Irrigation Area, Indonesia

Farmers’ participation in water resource management in Indonesia has been accommodated through Law No. 7/2004 and Government Regulation No. 20/2006 regarding irrigation. In government regulations, farmers’ participation in irrigation water management has been described in detail, with one of the components of irrigation network management being operations and maintenance. Most irrigation system problems are related to irrigation networks. Farmers’ participation in the Water Users Association (WUA), a farmer institution responsible for managing and developing irrigation networks at the tertiary level, determines how irrigation network management activities are carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and of group participation of a WUA in carrying out irrigation management activities in operations and maintenance activities. The result is connected to the physical condition of the irrigation network. The research took place in the village of Sumber Rejo in the Punggur Utara irrigation area, which is in Lampung Province, Indonesia, and is where WUA Harapan Maju is active. Samples were determined based on a random sampling method, which found that the sample size required for the study was 80 farmers. The results show that of socio-economic factors, the most influential is the number of farmers’ dependents, followed by the land area owned by each farmer. It was also found that group participation of WUA Harapan Maju was categorised as “barely” adequate. This result was confirmed by the condition of the irrigation system in the Punggur Utara irrigation area, which was also “barely” adequate, and the system’s operations and maintenance needed to be improved.

New management perspectives in pressurized on-demand irrigation systems using innovative smart control valves

&lt;p&gt;Irrigated agriculture is currently one of the most water-consuming human activities at global level. Furthermore, in the next years, water demand for irrigation is expected to increase within a challenging framework characterized by the effects of climate change and dynamics such as the population increase. In this context and considering that up to now irrigation networks have experienced a limited access to innovation (such as e.g., several areas of the Mediterranean region, above all in the North African side), the opportunities offered by digitalization could be crucial in the next future. New technologies and IoT solutions can effectively improve the management of limited resources and the quality of service to users. In the present work, the advances in management of the irrigation networks that can be reached using a smart control valve, the GreenValveSystem (GVS), are discussed. The GVS is an innovative electro actuated control valve able to harvest part of the energy of the flow to enable high frequency monitoring of pressures and flow rate and real time operation on the valve, without the necessity of external power supply. It has been, up to now, positively tested and adopted in drinking water supply systems. A model of an on-demand pressurized irrigation network is used to provide, through hydraulic simulations, a proof-of-concept of the potential of such devices to support the selection and implementation of specific management strategies to limit (or even avoid) the occurrence of hydrant failures (i.e. an insufficient pressure or discharge ), and to guarantee an effective and sustainable use of water resources. In the study a procedure to find the best placement of the GVSs and some basilar management rules that limit failures is showed. This preliminary study demonstrates some of the improvement that the use of innovative devices based on IoT concepts, like cloud management of data and remote operations, can bring to water agencies and users.&lt;/p&gt;

The role of the irrigation network in the efficient use of water

The article highlights the unique role of irrigation canals in the supply of water in the required amount, depending on crop demand and the rational use of it. The study of the prevention of filtration in irrigation networks and the study of the existing malfunctions in the operation of irrigation networks, the sequence of works on the repair of irrigation networks were analyzed, and the priority of repair work was determined. The current state of the Khumbuz canal in Khiva, Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. Information was obtained and analyzed on compliance with design specifications during construction and the presence of protection zones in the canal design. Analytical indicators have been developed to extend the service life of the Khumbuz canal to ensure its normal operation and supply the required amount of water to crops. In the implementation of water supply to agricultural crops, priority is given to the repair and construction of hydraulic structures, including the Khumbuz canal. In addition, all the work to be done was planned based on the priority of the work. It has been found that the amount of water required to irrigate crops can be achieved uniformly along the length of the canal, at the top, middle, and bottom of the canal, by ensuring that the irrigation networks operate at the required level. Specific scientific recommendations have been given for the normal operation of the Khumbuz canal. Repairing the canal has been shown to increase water use by 20 percent and increase crop yields by 15 percent by ensuring that crops receive the required amount of water on time. The service area of the Khumbuz canal is 1.460 hectares. The length of the canal to be repaired is 6 km. of which 2,568 km of new concrete. The maximum water flow of the canal is 2.5 m3/sec, and the normal water flow is 2.0 m3/sec. The efficiency of the channel (canal) is 0.93. The article provides information on how to achieve efficient use of irrigation water by repairing hydraulic structures at the required level and the construction of new ones.