scholarly journals Proximal VIS-NIR spectrometry to retrieve substance concentrations in surface waters using partial least squares modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wagner ◽  
S. Hilgert ◽  
T. Kattenborn ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Abstract Many water quality parameters such as concentrations of suspended matter, nutrients and algae directly or indirectly change the electromagnetic reflectance and transmission properties of surface water bodies. Optical measurement approaches have shown great potential to partially substitute water sampling and laboratory analyses, but are obstructed by limited flexibility or high maintenance demands. In order to overcome these problems and to bridge the gap between in situ and remote sensing measurements, the use of close-range, above-surface reflectance measurements in the VIS-NIR domain to measure water quality parameters in surface water bodies was investigated. Remote sensing reflectance in a 1 m³ water tank with increasing, known concentrations of suspended solids was measured. A partial least squares model was trained to predict concentrations from reflectance curves, which performed well, considering the wide range of concentrations and illumination conditions (R²cal = 0.96, R²val = 0.97). The approach was then transferred to the field and further parameters were tested. Using a semi-autonomous spectrometer mounted to a boom stand on a motor boat, we traced substance concentrations in close intervals along a longitudinal gradient from inflow to dam in a drinking water reservoir in Brazil. The method is suitable for parameters directly influencing the reflection properties of the water body (e.g. suspended solids (R²cal = 0.93), chlorophyll-a (R²cal = 0.74)), or for parameters closely related to those (e.g. total phosphorus (R²cal = 0.97)). For chemical oxygen demand, the method is not well suited (R²cal = 0.14, R²val = 0.45). Once calibrated to the local conditions, the spectrometer can be used stationary or on moving platforms to map and monitor surface waters. The integration of the procedure into acoustic and imaging techniques is further investigated.

scholarly journals Methodological aspects of assessment of the state of chemical pollution and water quality of surface waters in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (66) ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
V Kozak ◽  
◽  
A Tovmachenko ◽  
M Gertsiuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Micro Pollutants

The main sources of chemical pollution of surface water bodies of Ukraine are shown and it is noted that the ecosystem of the environment and water resources, being under constant man-caused load, tend to steadily deteriorate the ecological condition. Methods for assessing the quality of surface waters using the maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances in water and a comprehensive assessment of the ecological status of surface water by integrated hydrochemical parameters are described. International approaches to the assessment of the state of surface water bodies are considered. It is noted that the most complete information on the state of the aquatic ecosystem can be obtained using a set of physicochemical and biological parameters. There are shortcomings in the monitoring of organic micro-pollutants in surface waters. The analysis of the international experience of determination of water quality and parameters of toxicological action of organic micro-pollutants with application of chemo-informative methods for modeling of an ecological condition of water systems is carried out.

scholarly journals Water Quality Models and their Use in Monitoring the Quality of Surface Water Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 445-448
Author(s):  
A. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Aggregation Techniques ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Models

Water quality has been considered as one of the major challenges in water resource management. The main reason of degradation of water quality over the years is anthropogenic activities. Also, the monitoring of surface water bodies is a tedious as well as expensive process. For the depiction of water quality in simple and easy to understand terminology Water Quality Index (WQI) is found to be one of the widely used tool. It provides a transparent picture of the status of the pollution of a water body that is why it has been widely accepted by policy makers as well as other concerned authorities. Many WQI models have been developed throughout the world, using various water quality parameters, different techniques to generate subindices and also involving various mathematical techniques for aggregation of subindices. This paper deals with the comparison of various water quality models-based om number of parameters used, methods to generate subindices, aggregation techniques as well as their application and uses.

scholarly journals Technological Norms and Quality Objectives for Surface Waters

2015 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Analysis of the Russian legislation novels aimed at implementation of norms of impact upon environment at the best available techniques level applied to surface water bodies has been presented. It is noted that acting regulations do not completely secure realization of the combined approach to water resources management. In particular, there are no mechanisms to create incentives for further reduction of pollutants discharge to water bodies in case when the best available techniques do not secure attainment of water quality norms or the water body status objectives, when surface water bodies water quality norms accounting their natural and anthropogenic features stipulated by the acting Russian legislation are not yet developed. Proposals on accounting of objectives concerning the surface water body status in the process of regulating impacts upon it on the basis of technological norms and norms of permissible discharge have been made: to calculate surface water bodies water quality objective with taking into account natural and unavoidable anthropogenic factors according the proposed algorithm; when calculating norms of permissible impact to use objectives instead of water quality norms till up to development and approval of the latter (in accordance with the standing legislation); when delivering integrated environmental permissions it is necessary to take into account the norms of permissible impact but not only to observe the technological norms. The recommended procedure of obtaining an integrated environmental permission and setting of provisionally permitted discharge volume for water users discharging waste water to surface water bodies has been described. Proposals on elaboration of the legislative basis have been made.

Development of a multi-element method using an ICP-QQQ-MS to characterize the chemical status of surface water bodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Schmitt ◽  
Henning Schroeder ◽  
Nadine Belkouteb ◽  
Julia Arndt ◽  
Jan Wiederhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Element Method

<p></p><p>An instantaneous assessment of the chemical status of surface water bodies provides the ability to better predict the water quality, react in time, and be able to backtrack sources. Also, it is widely accepted that knowledge of the natural chemistry of surface waters is fundamental for identifying anthropogenic pollution (Menzie et al., 2009). The chemical composition of water bodies is controlled by various factors (i.e. atmospheric, geological, biological, etc.). However, the main impact beside anthropogenic pollution is the geological background (e.g. Filella et al., 2014).</p><p>To monitor and understand the chemical status it is necessary to measure, with the best possible reliability, a wide spectrum of inorganic analytes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is widely-accepted as versatile instrument in trace element determination due to its low detection limits, fast multi-element ability and wide dynamic range. The appearance of various polyatomic interferences, low analyte abundance and low sensitivity due to high ionization energy are major challenges in accomplishing precise, routine suitable, multi-element analysis to quantify all target elements which often requires complex pre-measurement treatments. The triple quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QQQ-MS; resp. ICP-MS/MS) is a promising tool to overcome some of these limitations. Therefore, our aim was to create a multi-element method with about 65 major and trace elements for surface water. In contrast to existing ICP-MS methods, a single-run-measurement of all analytes is envisaged, including also challenging elements like B, C, P, S, Hg, and REE without a pre-concentration or matrix removal step. The development exhibits very low Limits of Quantification for Rhine and Moselle river water (e.g. REE < 10 ppt).</p><p>Our method is based on certified reference material, single element standards (traceable to NIST) and samples from the Rhine and Moselle rivers (Germany). Single element optimized methods were adjusted to the multi-element monitoring purpose. We optimized different collision/reaction cell modes (O<sub>2</sub>, He, H<sub>2</sub>) to eliminate isobaric, polyatomatic and/or double charged interferences and the multi-element calibration cross check for memory effects and uncertainties. Hence, we developed a powerful method for surface water quality monitoring and hydro-chemical fingerprinting adaptable to the specific user requirements.</p><p>Filella, M., Pomian-Srzednicki, I., Nirel, P.M., 2014. Development of a powerful approach for classification of surface waters by geochemical signature. Water Res 50, 221-228.</p><p>Menzie, C.A., Ziccardi, L.M., Lowney, Y.W., Fairbrother, A., Shock, S.S., Tsuji, J.S., Hamai, D., Proctor, D., Henry, E., Su, S.H., 2009. Importance of considering the framework principles in risk assessment for metals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 22, 8478-8482.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonal and Scale Effects of Anthropogenic Pressures on Water Quality and Ecological Integrity: A Study in the Sabor River Basin (NE Portugal) Using Partial Least Squares-Path Modeling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes ◽  
Daniela Patrícia Salgado Terêncio ◽  
Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Short Scale

Interactions between pollution sources, water contamination, and ecological integrity are complex phenomena and hard to access. To comprehend this subject of study, it is crucial to use advanced statistical tools, which can unveil cause-effect relationships between pressure from surface waters, released contaminants, and damage to the ecological status. In this study, two partial least squares-path models (PLS-PM) were created and analyzed in order to understand how the cause-effect relationships can change over two seasons (summer and winter) and how the used scale (short or long) can affect the results. During the summer of 2016 and winter of 2017 surface water parameters and the North Invertebrate Portuguese Index were measured in strategic sampling sites. For each site, it two sections were delineated: the total upstream drainage area (long scale) and 250 m (short scale). For each section, data of pressures in surface waters including point source, diffuse emissions and landscape metrics were gathered. The methodology was applied to the Sabor River Basin, located in the northeast of Portugal. In this study, it was possible to determine in which season pressures affect ecological integrity and also which scale should be addressed. The models showed the influences of manganese and of potassium concentrations in stream water on the decrease in summer water quality, while arsenic’s harmful effect occurs during winter. Pastures and environmental land use conflicts were considered threats to water quality when analyzed on a long scale, whereas agricultural areas played a role when the short scale was used. The effect of landscape edge density revealed to be independent of scale or season. Effluent discharges in surface water affected the water quality during the summer season, while the effect of discharges in groundwater affected the water quality in winter. It has also been found that, to find the harmful effect of pressures, it is necessary to approach different scales and that the role of landscape metrics can also overlap contaminant sources.

On methodological approaches to the improvement of surface water bodies and target indicators of the natural waters’ quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Zaslonovsky ◽  
◽  
N. Sharapov ◽  
M. Bosov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The paper is devoted to the development of proposals concerning the improvement of surface water bodies and the appointment of target indicators of the natural waters’ quality. The paper considers a variety of problems of preserving, restoring and improving the quality of natural surface waters: from regional features of the formation of natural water composition, to differences in the requirements for the quality of water consumed. The object of the study is the qualitative indicators of the waters of natural water bodies, and the subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the normalization of these indicators. The purpose of the work is to identify the main shortcomings in the domestic system of rationing the quality of natural waters, and to form appropriate proposals. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: to review the methodological approaches to assessing and rationing the quality of natural waters used in some foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, to identify the main causes and shortcomings; to make proposals for improving the current system of water quality rationing. The result of this work is the conclusions about the lack of impact of the strategy operating in Russia in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water objects, standards of permissible impact on water bodies, the appointment of permissible discharge limits in terms of maintaining and improving the water quality of natural water bodies. The reasons that led to this are indicated. The necessity of taking into account, in addition to the physical and chemical composition, also hydrobiological parameters is shown. It is concluded that instead of fisheries management standards, environmental standards should serve as the basis for target indicators of water quality of natural water bodies, which determine the well-being of humans and the stable functioning of aquatic ecosystems, taking into account regional factors. Proposals were made to adjust the methodological approaches to the implementation of this strategy. According to the authors, these proposals will speed up the solution of the main objectives of the strategy – the ecological improvement of water bodies, the preservation of unique aquatic ecosystems and the environmentally safe development of territories that previously experienced relatively small anthropogenic impacts (Eastern Siberia and the Far East)

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Rain Flood at the Adagum River on the Basis of Mathematical Models for Discharge Formation

2013 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Discharge Formation ◽  
Water Quality Objectives

The authors developed and presented a method of setting objectives in terms of surface water bodies’ water quality; it was elaborated and specified in accordance with the results of its application at a number of river basins. An algorithm of water/protective measures prioritizing in a river basin on the basis of water quality objectives was proposed. Practical application of the proposed approaches was illustrated by examples from the Scheme of Water Bodies; Integrated Use and Protection for the Ob River basin.

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