Effect of pre-ozonation on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation from four drinking-water sources during subsequent chloramination

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
X. B. Liao ◽  
L. Zhao ◽  
L. L. Shen ◽  
M. Y. Chen ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbance ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Doc Concentration

Abstract Ozone has been widely used for water treatment all over the world. This study investigated the effects of pre-ozonation on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation from four drinking-water sources during subsequent chloramination. Moreover, relationships between NDMA and water-quality parameters (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), hydrophobic fractions (HFs), positive-charged fractions (PCFs), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm wavelength (UV254), ammonia) were determined. The results indicated that NDMA formed directly by ozonation, but the concentrations (5.7–37.8 ng/L) were much lower than during chloramination (25.3–193 ng/L). Pre-ozonation slightly augmented NDMA formation from reservoirs, while it facilitated NDMA precursor destruction in the lake and river. The river was rich in organic matter, its DOC concentration was up to 4.97 mg/L, while the DON/DOC ratio (4.68%) was low; the lake possessed the most organic nitrogen and highest DON/DOC ratio (10.76%). HFs in reservoir #2 were low (1.27 mg/L), and the HFs/DOC ratio was especially high (73.4%). PCFs constituted 48.5–72.1% of DOC. UV254 values were in the range 0.081–0.175 cm−1. The ammonia concentration was high in the lake water (0.29 mg/L), while that in reservoir #2 was only 0.08 mg/L. There was a strong correlation between NDMA formation and the removal of ammonia, DON and PCFs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in the Sediments of Six Water Sources in Taihu Lake, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Xueyu Wei ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jincheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Release ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

KCl-extractable sediment dissolved organic nitrogen (KS-DON) extracted from sediments near drinking water intakes of six drinking water sources in Taihu Lake in China was partitioned into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions and high/low molecular weight fractions. The results showed that the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) contents of the extracts ranged from 67.78 to 128.27 mg/kg. KS-DON was the main TDN species, accounting for more than 50%, with NH4+-N and NO3−-N averaging 30% and 20%, respectively. The molecular weight fractions of <1 kDa accounted for almost half of KS-DON. Hydrophilic compounds accounted for more than 75% of KS-DON. Three fluorescence peaks were identified: soluble microbial byproducts (A); protein-like substances (B); and humic acid-like substances (C). It is concluded that the KS-DON in Taihu Lake sources has higher bioavailability and higher risk of endogenous release. Ecological dredging and establishment of constructed wetlands are possible measures to reduce the release of endogenous nitrogen.

scholarly journals Water sanitation, hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea in the rural areas of the delta region of Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Htet Ko ◽  
Hiroshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Myanmar is an agriculture-based country with 70% of the total population residing in rural areas. Around half of the total population in Myanmar has to consume water from unimproved sources. The prevalence of diarrhea due to contaminated drinking water is high even in urban areas. The urban community may expect the provision of municipal water supply in the near future if the current revolution in the country succeeds. However, the rural areas have lesser or no chance to get quality water because of a lot of other prioritized tasks. Household water treatment is encouraged to be implemented as one of the national water safety plans for rural water supply in Myanmar. This study explored the diarrhea prevention awareness of the rural community using a questionnaire survey. The microbial quality parameters of drinking water sources were also examined. Fecal coliform contamination was detected in all examined drinking water sources. A significant association was found between drinking untreated water and the occurrence of diarrhea. The percentage of people who applied the diarrhea preventive measures was low. Even if they knew how to prevent the disease, very few people applied the measures in reality. Therefore, measures to cause behavioral change should be initiated, together with awareness raising, to promote diarrhea prevention in the community.

Hygiene Aspects of Drinking Water Sources Used in Primary Milk Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Nada Sasakova ◽  
Gabriela Gregova ◽  
Jan Venglovsky ◽  
Ingrid Papajova ◽  
Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

A facile technique for automatically counting odor-producing algae (Pseudanabaena sp.) in drinking water sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Eri Hasegawa ◽  
Dabide Yamaguchi ◽  
Takahiro Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

The frequent analysis of the 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-generating algae, Pseudanabaena sp., for predicting odor occurrence in drinking water sources is a major challenge for many drinking water utilities. This study aims...

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