Steady State Measurement of Oxygenation Capacity

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Kees de Korte ◽  
Peter Smits
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Air System ◽  
State Method ◽  
Steady State Measurement

The usual method for OC measurement is the non-steady state method (reaeration) in tapwater or, sometimes, in activated sludge. Both methods are more or less difficult and expensive. The steady state method with activated sludge is presented. Fundamentals are discussed. For complete mixed aeration tanks, plug flow systems with diffused air aeration and carousels the method is described more in detail and the results of measurements are presented. The results of the steady state measurements of the diffused air system are compared with those of the reaeration method in tapwater. The accuracy of the measurements in the 3 systems is discussed. Measurements in other aeration systems are described briefly. It is concluded that the steady state OC measurement offers advantages in comparison with the non-steady state method and is useful for most purposes.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Thermal Conductivity of Foam Glass Based on the Steady-State Method

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipeng Qin ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Yan Tian ◽  
Yuwei Ma ◽  
Pengfei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
State Method

The effects of fly ash, sodium carbonate content, foaming temperature and foaming time on foam glass aperture sizes and their distribution were analyzed by the orthogonal experimental design. Results from the steady-state method showed a normal distribution of the number of apertures with change in average aperture, which ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 mm for more than 93% of apertures. For a given porosity, the thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of the aperture size. The apertures in the sample have obvious effects in blocking the heat flow transmission: heat flow is quickly diverted to both sides when encountered with the aperture. When the thickness of the sample is constant, the thermal resistance of the foam glass sample increases with increasing porosity, leading to better thermal insulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that the more evenly distributed and orderly arranged the apertures are in the foam glass material, the larger the thermal resistance of the material and hence, the better the thermal insulation.

scholarly journals Steady-state measurement of the effective particle density of cigarette smoke

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Johnson ◽  
Jason S. Olfert ◽  
Ross Cabot ◽  
Conor Treacy ◽  
Caner U. Yurteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Effective Particle ◽  
Steady State Measurement

scholarly journals Excitation-resolved area-normalized emission spectroscopy: a rapid and simple steady-state technique for the analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 998-1006
Author(s):  
Kannan Ramamurthy ◽  
Karunakaran Ponnusamy ◽  
Selvaraju Chellappan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
State Technique ◽  
State Method

Excitation-resolved area-normalized emission spectroscopy is a simple steady state method and equivalent to time-resolved area normalized emission spectroscopy for the analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence.

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