The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 579-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Lloyd ◽  
D. C. Wheeler ◽  
M. Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Water Borne

The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease.

The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country*

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
B. J. Lloyd ◽  
D. C. Wheeler ◽  
M. Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Water Borne

The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease. * The full version of this article will appear in Water Science and Technology, 21(6/7), 579-591 (1989).

scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella in drinking water samples of urban water supply system of Kathmandu

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Esha Shrestha ◽  
Dwij R Bhatta ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Water Borne

Water-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene-related diseases, like gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and dysentery. Eighty-six water samples were randomly collected from urban water supply system of Kathmandu, and analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological parameters to assess drinking water quality. Residual chlorine was undetectable in 100% samples. Salmonella was detected in 4 samples by enrichment culture technique in Selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Salmonella (S. Paratyphi, 10% and non-typhi, 90%) by conventional biochemical test. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to amoxicillin (70%), cephalexin (20%) and ceftizoxime (14.28%). There was no significant relationship between coliform and Salmonella positivity (P = 0.366). The microbiological quality of urban water supply system is poor and indicates chances of outbreak of Salmonella infection. Key-words: drinking water quality; Nepal; water-borne disease; water pollution.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2911 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 52-55

The Relationship and Regression Analysis of Urban Water Supply and Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 2420-2423
Author(s):  
Heng Hua Shi ◽  
Wen Guo Weng ◽  
Zheng Gan Zhai ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Relationship

Urban water supply system and the people’s daily life are closely related. In addition to the urban population, the structure and the scale of economic, the factors affecting the requirement of urban water supply included the meteorological factors such as temperature. Based on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, we analyze the relationship between urban water supply and temperature with the actual data of Beijing from 2008 year to 2009 year, and get regression fitting function with multiple regression analysis method. The analysis result can provide the basis for scientific management and accurately predict urban water supply.

scholarly journals Managing Water Scarcity Futures: Identifying Factors Influencing Water Quality, Risk Perception and Daily Practices in Urban Environments after the Introduction of Desalination

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Rubén Alejandro Villar-Navascués ◽  
Maria Christina Fragkou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Water Quality Perception

During the last two decades on a global scale, there has been a significant development of desalination as a strategy to ensure the urban water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. Beyond issues related to the higher economic costs, one of the main barriers that may limit this water source’s development is its supposed negative water quality perception. This research aims to understand better which factors are behind water quality perception in Antofagasta (Chile), where desalinated water was introduced in 2003. Since then, this urban water supply system has increasingly incorporated desalination, creating three parallel areas according to the water sources used in each of them (desalinated water, freshwater and a mix of both). To do so, more than 800 questionnaires to test water quality perception and water consumption habits were conducted in households. Up to six logistic regression models have been implemented to identify which variables better explain water quality satisfaction, risk perception and daily water practices considering the water supply area. It is worth noting that most of this type of research has been carried out in study cases with homogeneous urban water supply systems with conventional water resources. Results indicate that, among other factors, organoleptic water characteristics, such as taste, and socioeconomic status are some of the main factors that explain the perception of water quality and daily practices. In addition, a lower water quality perception and greater risk perception have been identified where desalinated water has been introduced, which makes some households develop averting behaviors to improve water quality, such as boil water.

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