Combined Long-Term Simulation of Runoff from Urban and Rural Areas

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Ostrowski ◽  
L. Alsenz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Continuous Complex ◽  
Estimation Of Model Parameters ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

It has become evident that emission control standards for stormwater overflow design are practical, but not sufficient to guarantee ecologically balanced quantity and quality characteristics of receiving natural water bodies. The quality and quantity of both stormwater overflow and the receiving water should be considered at the same time. One objective of the investigation was to apply a continuous complex hydrological (quantity) model for simulating combined urban and rural runoff processes to a small catchment in Northrhine-Westphalia to get more information on its suitability as a modern planning tool. The study focuses on the general applicability of the method proposed, data availability, the estimation of model parameters, and the reliability of results produced. Another objective was to solve a practical engineering problem with the methodology proposed. The results show that the method can be used to produce a sample of simultaneous overflow/riverflow events, which subsequently can be evaluated statistically. Data availability and computational efforts are suitable for general application.

scholarly journals They’re Dying in the Suburbs: COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Geography in Louisiana (USA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Schnake-Mahl ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second Peak

AbstractThe national COVID-19 conversation in the US has mostly focused on urban areas, without sufficient examination of another geography with large vulnerable populations: the suburbs. While suburbs are often thought of as areas of uniform affluence and racial homogeneity, over the past 20 years, poverty and diversity have increased substantially in the suburbs. In this study, we compare geographic and temporal trends in COVID-19 cases and deaths in Louisiana, one of the few states with high rates of COVID-19 during both the spring and summer. We find that incidence and mortality rates were initially highest in New Orleans. By the second peak, trends reversed: suburban areas experienced higher rates than New Orleans and similar rates to other urban and rural areas. We also find that increased social vulnerability was associated with increased positivity and incidence during the first peak. During the second peak, these associations reversed in New Orleans while persisting in other urban, suburban, and rural areas. The work draws attention to the high rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths in suburban areas and the importance of metropolitan-wide actions to address COVID-19.RegistrationN/AFunding sourceNIH (DP5OD26429) and RWJF (77644)Code and data availabilityCode for replication along with data is available here: https://github.com/alinasmahl1/COVID_Louisiana_Suburban/.

Research about the General Applicability of Ecological Rural House in the Guanzhong Region of North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2866-2870
Author(s):  
Liao Liao Xi ◽  
Yan Di Zhu ◽  
Peng Fei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Pan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
North China ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

When China is vigorously urging the development of western area and the construction of new village, how to improve living standards of the famers at the same time to maximize the energy saving and the reduction of building materials using is one of the important problems that need to be solved. Based on the survey and research of the rural house in the Guanzhong region of north china, paper explores and analyzes the orientation, architectural style, layout, natural ventilation etc. Then arrive at the general applicability of ecological and energy-saving rural house in the Guanzhong region under the concept of ecological design. In the wake of the help of generally applicable design program, can provide some reference for the current rural house construction, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas.

Three hundred years of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) persecution in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second World

Modernization of agriculture, economic development and population increase after the end of the Thirty Years' War caused authorities in many parts of Germany to decree the eradication of so-called pest animals, including the House Sparrow. Farmers were given targets, and had to deliver the heads of sparrows in proportion to the size of their farms or pay fines. At the end of the eighteenth century German ornithologists argued against the eradication of the sparrows. During the mid-nineteenth century, C. L. Gloger, the pioneer of bird protection in Germany, emphasized the value of the House Sparrow in controlling insect plagues. Many decrees were abolished because either they had not been obeyed, or had resulted in people protecting sparrows so that they always had enough for their “deliveries”. Surprisingly, various ornithologists, including Ernst Hartert and the most famous German bird conservationist Freiherr Berlepsch, joined in the war against sparrows at the beginning of the twentieth century, because sparrows were regarded as competitors of more useful bird species. After the Second World War, sparrows were poisoned in large numbers. Persecution of sparrows ended in Germany in the 1970s. The long period of persecution had a significant but not long-lasting impact on House Sparrow populations, and therefore cannot be regarded as a factor in the recent decline of this species in urban and rural areas of western and central Europe.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

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