Cost Recovery in Water Services

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2621-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Katko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Recovery Model ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Water Tariffs

The objective of the study was to find out to what extent water charges could be used in the developing world. This paper presents a cost recovery model primarily for water supply and discusses its implications for sewerage services. The model has four key elements: benefits and costs, predictability of consumer contributions, water tariffs, and fee collection and financial management. The study shows that water charges are a necessity in developing countries, as in the developed world, and consumers are more able and willing to pay than has been thought. Adequate sewerage and sewage charges should be introduced universally.

A survey of critical success factors for attracting private sector participation in water supply projects in developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Effah Ameyaw ◽  
Albert P.C. Chan ◽  
De-Graft Owusu-Manu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Private Participation

Purpose Public-private partnerships (PPPs) offer governments an opportunity to access private capital and skills to build or upgrade, operate and manage public water infrastructure services hitherto provided and run by the public sector. Access to private finance speeds up the provision of public water services in developing countries, where many governments face budgetary constraints. However, the water sector attracts the least investment flows in developing countries, well below other infrastructure sectors. This paper aims to present the results of an investigation of critical success factors (CSFs) required for attracting the private sector in water supply projects. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire survey of international PPP expert opinions was conducted. Findings Analysis results show that the CSFs for attracting the private sector to water PPPs include political commitment from elected leaders toward PPPs for water supply; existence of a dedicated PPP unit; strong and competent public water authority; adequate fiscal capacity of a national/subnational authority; public acceptance and support of involvement of the private sector in water services; a well-designed PPP contract; existence of enabling policy and legal frameworks to support water PPPs; and profitability of water supply project(s) to attract investors and lenders. Agreement analysis also indicates a strong to very strong agreement on the significance and rankings of the CSFs. Originality/value The research findings provide an insight into a number of important issues to enable greater private participation in water supply projects, most of which aim at reminding governments of some key areas that need reform and enabling greater commitment among them to undertake such reforms. Given the limited empirical research on CSFs for attracting private participation, this research makes a contribution to the body of knowledge about private involvement in the water sector of developing countries.

Water Quality and Health

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kreisel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Minimum Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Guidelines

Water quality can affect human health in various ways: through breeding of vectors, presence of pathogenic protozoa, helminths, bacteria and viruses, or through inorganic and organic chemicals. While traditional concern has been with pathogens and gastro-intestinal diseases, chemical pollutants in drinking-water supplies have in many instances reached proportions which affect human health, especially in cases of chronic exposure. Treatment of drinking-water, often grossly inadequate in developing countries, is the last barrier of health protection, but control at source is more effective for pollution control. Several WHO programmes of the International Drinking-Water Supply and Sanitation Decade have stimulated awareness of the importance of water quality in public water supplies. Three main streams have been followed during the eighties: guidelines for drinking-water quality, guidelines for wastewater reuse and the monitoring of freshwater quality. Following massive investments in the community water supply sector to provide people with adequate quantities of drinking-water, it becomes more and more important to also guarantee minimum quality standards. This has been recognized by many water and health authorities in developing countries and, as a result, WHO cooperates with many of them in establishing water quality laboratories and pollution control programmes.

Water Pricing and Cost Recovery in Water Services in Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Water Pricing ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
European Water ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Resource Costs ◽  
The Cost

The European water directive forced the Member States to rethink the regulation of water services. Water pricing is now guided by the cost recovery principle. The costs to take into account are manly the environmental and resource costs, but also the financial ones. Portugal was no exception. The evolution from a heavily subsidized activity to a business bound by the polluter pays principle required fast changes and a somewhat difficult adaptation both of economic agents and households.

scholarly journals First Environmental Investigation of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile at a Large Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S406-S406
Author(s):  
M Jahangir Alam ◽  
Khurshida Begum ◽  
Tasnuva Rashid ◽  
Irtiza Hasan ◽  
Jacob McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Fluorescent Pcr ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients in the developed world and an emerging pathogen in developing countries due to increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although likely ubiquitous worldwide, the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile spores in the hospital environs of developing countries is poorly understood. The objectives of the study are to isolate and characterize C. difficile from the hospital environs of a large hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods As part of our environmental surveillance effort, we collected 330 shoe-bottom swab samples from hospital employees, patients, and visitors inside of a large hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples were analyzed for C. difficile using anaerobic enrichment culture and molecular methods. Suspected colonies from cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA) plates were identified by PCR (tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB and tpi genes) and strain typed using fluorescent PCR ribotyping, and MLVA methods. Results A total 149 of 333 (44.7%) shoe-bottom swab samples were culture positive for C. difficile of which 19.8% samples were toxigenic (tcdA and tcdB) C. difficile. A total of 11 distinct ribotypes were identified from 58 toxigenic C. difficile isolates tested. Predominant ribotypes were F053-163 (24.1%), F017 (20.7%), F106 (19.0%), F014-020 (17.2%). Other ribotypes were R001, F005, F010, F018, F054, F216, and FP407. No R027 and R078 C. difficile isolated. A broad MLVA diversity has been seen among the tested strains. Conclusion We identified a high prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile with diverse ribotypes from hospital environmental shoe-bottom swabs in Bangladesh. This is the first hospital environmental report of C. difficile from Bangladesh. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Potato Importance for Development Focusing on Prices

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Olli Salmensuu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Potato Price ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Inferior Good ◽  
Developed World

This paper studies potato prices and consumption in the progress of economic development. Potato status tends to evolve from a luxury to a normal and, lastly, to an inferior good. In the developed world, where the potato thrived and became a food for the poor, prices of the inferior potato attract little interest due to general welfare, which further complicates discerning economic effects by computation. Contrarily, in many developing countries, due to supply constraints the potato is a relative expensive, non-staple, normal good, with little social significance. Whereas it is a common misconception that tastes in developing countries differ from advanced economies, low incomes, together with relatively high potato prices, present a real and obvious hindrance to wider potato use among the poor in the underdeveloped world. Local regressions on FAO data reveal empirical advantages favoring potato price system research in developing countries, more likely yielding predictable, statistically significant, unbiased results. Correct policies could increase potato importance in developing countries and stimulate sustainable and pro-poor growth where consumers receive affordable potatoes, while also producer incentives for greater productivity improve. Furthermore, potato-led research presents widening potential into also understanding general social structures of underdevelopment as similar factors explain both cross-border incomes and potato prices.

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