Private participation in establishing a product certification body of seed and breeding stock poultry in Indonesia

The era of global trade is a political system based on international rules and agreements that encourage and stabilize economic exchanges between countries. One of the impacts is the demand for a shift in government role to the private sector. The poultry sector plays an important role in providing 65% of the need for animal protein consumption in Indonesia. A product certification body of seed and breeding stock poultry is a tool used in global trade to increase product competitiveness in the global market. By applying standards in trade, it is expected to improve the performance of producers so that they can produce quality products, fair competition in trade, and provide protection to the public and consumers. Unfortunately, the existing seed and livestock certification institutions are still fully initiated by the government. Meanwhile, private participation in establishing a seed and poultry seed product certification body through public-private partnerships (PPPs) is still far from expectations.

Konsep Pengembangan Penyediaan Air Bersih Kawasan Permukiman Desa Wisata Bukit Surowiti, Gresik

Abstrak: Infrastruktur air bersih adalah komponen pendukung pariwisata yang penting. Permukiman Desa Wisata Bukit Surowiti memiliki kendala dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih sebagai salah satu wisata di Kabupaten Gresik. Identifikasi faktor-faktor pengembangan penyediaan air bersih di kawasan wisata ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan konsep pengembangan penyediaan air bersih. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisa triangulasi yang sebelumnya dilakukan analisa theoritical descriptive dan tervalidasi dengan delphi. Hasil penelitian adalah mengembangkan penyediaan tempat-tempat penampungan air bersih secara alami maupun buatan yang memperhatikan unsur estetika dan didukung oleh partisipasi masyarakat dan swasta dalam pendistribusian air bersih khususnya air PDAM.Kata Kunci : Desa Bukit Surowiti, Infrastruktur Air Bersih, Permukiman Kawasan WisataAbstrak: Clean water infrastructure is important tourism support component. The settlement of Bukit Surowiti Tourism Village has problems in fulfilling the need for clean water as one of the tours in Gresik Regency. The identification of the development factors of clean water supply in the tourist area aims to formulate the concept of developing clean water supply. This type of research is qualitative descriptive with triangulation analysis techniques wich previously carried out theoritical descriptive analysis and validated with Delphi. The result of this research is to develop the provision of natural and artificial water storage places that pay attention to aesthetic elements and are supported by public and private participation in distribution of clean water, especially PDAM water.Key Words : Bukit Surowiti Village, Clean Water Infrastructure, Tourist area settlements

Water Supply Services in Spanish Cities and the Debate on Private Participation in Their Management: Which Model is Most Efficient?

Supplying water to the population is one of the fundamental services of any Spanish city given the importance of the good itself, regardless of how it is managed. However, it is sometimes seen more as a source of extra finance for the municipality, and, in recent years, as an issue of political debate in terms of the adequacy of one form of management or another: public or private. Currently, 35% of Spain's population is supplied by public specialised entities, 33% by private companies under a concession contract, 22% by mixed companies and 10% by undifferentiated municipal services. In simple terms, 45% corresponds to public management and 55% is fully or partially managed by the private sector. By analysing the annual accounts of the companies that operate in the Spain's principal municipalities, this study seeks to determine the role played by the private sector in the management of the mixed companies. Due to the diversity of services provided by these companies and the lack of differentiated statistics for each of them, we have used the Annual Accounts presented to the Central Mercantile Register or the data submitted to the Ministry of Finance in order to assess the influence of private participation on the results of the companies.

Governance distance and the performance of cross-border private participation infrastructure projects

PurposeThe privatization of infrastructure promotes efficiency and service standards. While cross-border private participation infrastructure (PPI) projects hosted in emerging markets have become more prevalent in recent years, there have also been more failures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how governance distance affects the survival of cross-border PPI projects.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide theoretical justification and empirical evidence to verify our views. The authors test the hypotheses on a sample of 4,678 cross-border PPI project investments made in emerging market countries between 1990 and 2016. Estimation techniques consist of a binary logistic regression model and a rare events logistic model.FindingsThe findings suggest that increased governance distance can lead to project failure. The study results show that governance distance is negatively correlated with the probability of project survival. Greenfield investment intensifies the negative effect of governance distance while competitive contracts mitigate the negative effect of governance distance.Practical implicationsThe results reveal that transnational investment in infrastructure projects is susceptible to institutional differences between home and host countries. Therefore, both private enterprises and host government should pay attention to the impact of inter-country differences on negotiations and project operation. Competitive contracts mitigate this negative effect, but entering in the form of greenfield investment amplifies the negative effect of distance.Originality/valueTransnational industrial engineering projects are easily affected by the differences in governance levels between the two countries. This study introduces governance distance into the field of infrastructure projects, focusing on the impact of differences between home and host countries on transnational projects. The findings on infrastructure projects that are closely related to host government contribute to the literature by broadening the research of institution and distance.

Financial Additionality of Multilateral Development Banks in Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence for demonstrating financial additionality of multilateral development banks (MDBs) in private participation in infrastructure (PPI) projects in terms of financing beyond what is available in the markets. To verify MDB financial additionality, this study examines whether the PPI projects with multilateral support have significantly larger investment commitments than the total average projects by using the PPI database of the World Bank for 1996–2020. The empirical analysis identifies MDB financial additionality, in that the larger investment commitments of multilateral-supported projects beyond the average are confirmed in any income levels and regions in host countries and any sectors and types in the projects. In particular, MDB financial additionality is valid even in low-income countries where private finance is still too premature to be available. In the host countries where their government effectiveness is in the poorest edge, however, MDB financial additionality loses its significance, thereby requiring the governance enhancement and capacity building in the host countries and innovative blended finance instruments for its additionality to work.

The multi-faceted impact of host country risk on the success of private participation in infrastructure projects

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the multi-faceted impact of host country risks on the success of private participation in infrastructure projects. The authors make a distinction between exogenous and endogenous risks, differentiating those that are completely beyond the control of the firm from those in which firms might exert some degree of influence to reduce the negative repercussions. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on logistic regression analyses, the authors analyze a sample of 10,350 private participation in infrastructure projects in 126 countries from 1997 to 2014. Findings The authors find that higher levels of exogenous risk are associated with a lower probability of project success, whereas they find no significant effect for endogenous risk. Originality/value By pointing to this differential effect, this study makes a contribution to the current debate in the literature on private participation projects.