Microbiological Processes in Landfills

Large landfills in the Soviet Union cover more than 140 thousand hectares. The gas emission intensities are extremely disproportional over the surface of these landfills. According to our data the rates of streams of the biogas components vary from 0 till 20, 46, 1.2 and 0.75 (×10−4m3 × hour −1/m2) for CH4, CO2, H2, CO, respectively. The stable carbon isotope composition of methane and carbon dioxide in the biogas of deep landfills layers is typical for methanogenesis from organic wastes, but it depends on the concentration of organic substance in the landfill ground and on the age of these landfills. In the upper layer methane becomes heavier and carbon dioxide lighter due to the microbiological oxidation processes. The most intensive methanogenesis is usually observed in the upper part of the anaerobic zone where the organic substance concentration is relatively high. The methanogenic microflora is represented by mesophilic methanobacteria, species of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium genera are prevalent forms. At the depth of 10-100 cm from the surface intensive oxidation of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is observed. The number of gas oxidizing bacteria is up to 10 cells per gram of soil. 14 species of methane oxidizing bacteria, which belong to 5 genera were iden tified. Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria belong to Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Mycobacteriun genera. Between them psychrotrophic forms were found. It has been shown that in small landfills methane, produced in anaerobic zone, can be oxidized completely in the upper ground layer. The biogas extraction from landfills is important not only as an additional fuel source, but as a means of preventing pollution of the Earth's atmosphere.

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Genomic Insights into Denitrifying Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria Gemmobacter fulva sp. Nov., Isolated from an Anabaena Culture

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9122423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2423

Author(s):

Long Jin ◽

Chun-Zhi Jin ◽

Hyung-Gwan Lee ◽

Chang Soo Lee

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Novel Species ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Soluble Methane Monooxygenase ◽

Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Anoxic Environments ◽

Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽

Reductase Gene ◽

Genome Analyses

The genus Gemmobacter grows phototrophically, aerobically, or anaerobically, and utilizes methylated amine. Here, we present two high-quality complete genomes of the strains con4 and con5T isolated from a culture of Anabaena. The strains possess sMMO (soluble methane monooxygenase)-oxidizing alkanes to carbon dioxide. Functional genes for methane-oxidation (prmAC, mimBD, adh, gfa, fdh) were identified. The genome of strain con5T contains nirB, nirK, nirQ, norB, norC, and norG genes involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction. The presence of nitrite reductase gene (nirK) and the nitric-oxide reductase gene (norB) indicates that it could potentially use nitrite as an electron acceptor in anoxic environments. Taxonomic investigations were also performed on two strains through polyphasic methods, proposing two isolates as a novel species of the genus Gemmobacter. The findings obtained through the whole genome analyses provide genome-based evidence of complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide. This study provides a genetic blueprint of Gemmobacter fulva con5T and its biochemical characteristics, which help us to understand the evolutionary biology of the genus Gemmobacter.

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Seasonal, daily and diurnal variations in the stable carbon isotope composition of carbon dioxide respired by tree trunks in a deciduous oak forest

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-006-0592-z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 151 (2) ◽

pp. 268-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Florence Maunoury ◽

Daniel Berveiller ◽

Caroline Lelarge ◽

Jean-Yves Pontailler ◽

Laurent Vanbostal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Carbon Isotope Composition ◽

Diurnal Variations ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope Composition

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Macroscopic Biofilms in Fracture-Dominated Sediment That Anaerobically Oxidize Methane

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00288-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (19) ◽

pp. 6780-6787 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

B. R. Briggs ◽

J. W. Pohlman ◽

M. Torres ◽

M. Riedel ◽

E. L. Brodie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isotope Composition ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Cold Seep ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Isolated Cells ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Oxidation Of Methane

ABSTRACTMethane release from seafloor sediments is moderated, in part, by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) performed by consortia of archaea and bacteria. These consortia occur as isolated cells and aggregates within the sulfate-methane transition (SMT) of diffusion and seep-dominant environments. Here we report on a new SMT setting where the AOM consortium occurs as macroscopic pink to orange biofilms within subseafloor fractures. Biofilm samples recovered from the Indian and northeast Pacific Oceans had a cellular abundance of 107to 108cells cm−3. This cell density is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the surrounding sediments. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that the bacterial component is dominated byDeltaproteobacteria, candidate division WS3, andChloroflexi, representing 46%, 15%, and 10% of clones, respectively. In addition, major archaeal taxa found in the biofilm were related to the ANME-1 clade,Thermoplasmatales, andDesulfurococcales, representing 73%, 11%, and 10% of archaeal clones, respectively. The sequences of all major taxa were similar to sequences previously reported from cold seep environments. PhyloChip microarray analysis detected all bacterial phyla identified by the clone library plus an additional 44 phyla. However, sequencing detected more archaea than the PhyloChip within the phyla ofMethanosarcinalesandDesulfurococcales. The stable carbon isotope composition of the biofilm from the SMT (−35 to −43‰) suggests that the production of the biofilm is associated with AOM. These biofilms are a novel, but apparently widespread, aggregation of cells represented by the ANME-1 clade that occur in methane-rich marine sediments.

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A note on the stable carbon isotope composition of bryophytes in calcareous aquatic habits and its relationship to carbon dioxide assimilation

Journal of Bryology ◽

10.1179/jbr.2000.22.1.13 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 13-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Allan Pentecost

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Carbon Isotope Composition ◽

Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope Composition

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Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128274 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 792-793

Author(s):

T.A. Fassel ◽

M.J. Schaller ◽

M.E. Lidstrom ◽

C.C. Remsen

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽

Structural Features ◽

Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Membrane Complex ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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