Three Types of Approaches to Controlling Non-Point Source Pollution of Agrochemicals from Golf Links in Water Resources Management

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Morioka

In recent years Japan has had an opportunity to develop a strategy to control diffused pollution of agrochemicals in watersheds upstream of drinking water intakes. Three types of approaches to controlling probable pollution have been examined. These are (1) risk based assessment approach, (2) regulatory approach supported by standard setting and (3) planning based guide to land use. In this paper, based on the results of pilot studies in several golf links, the practical procedures of these approaches are systematically structured. First, risk-based assessment approach includes typical exposure assessment and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) coupled with fate analysis of runoff into reservoirs. The basic process of QRA of indicative herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, generated the result that additional cancer risk would be around minus 5-6 order of life time risk for citizens to drink water from reservoirs receiving contaminated river water. Second, appropriate standard setting enhances a reasonable regulatory approach. In 1990, concentration of twenty agrochemicals in effluents from golf links and rivers at receiving outlets from golf links were evaluated in a nation-wide program in terms of the ratios of samples having higher concentrations than the tentative quality standard. Both seasonal change of observed concentration in dry weather and high concentration in rainfall events are evaluated. Concerning a planning based guide to land use, zoning of forest conservation districts for water resources conservation would be responsible for appropriate land use management and water quality control. The author proposed the skeleton of a water resources conservation plan for safe drinking water supply for a local government as a client, especially emphasizing land use suitability mapping, development guides and mitigation techniques.

Author(s):  
Syarifah Nabilah Syed Tahatahir ◽  
Mohamad Sofian Abu Talip ◽  
Mahazani Mohamad ◽  
Zati Hakim Azizul Hasan ◽  
Zeeda Fatimah Mohamad ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Faisal ◽  
Evi Gravitiani ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Mugi Raharjo

This study aims to: (1) determine the conservation of water resources willingness to pay (WTP) of the community, (2) determine the determinants that significantly affect the value of PAPs for additional benefits due to increase management of water resources conservation, and (3) determine whether reforestation environment is a type of conservation that community desires. Respondents from this study are Surakarta citizens, precisely in the southern region of Surakarta, Laweyan District, Central Java. They are customers of Surakarta Municipal Water Supply Company, especially the water distribution of the Cokro Tulung spring. This study uses linear analysis and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The interviews result with 106 respondents revealed that: (1) the average value of WTP in R2 is Rp 1,872,-, the average value of WTP in R3 is Rp 3,238,-, the average value of WTP in R4 is Rp 2,769,-, and the average value of WTP in trade group 1 is Rp 3,846,-, (2) education variables and perception variables on the importance of conservation have a significant effect on WTP of conservation of water resources, and (3) survey results show that there are 73.6% of respondents intend to do greening around Cokro Tulung spring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 139651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuxiong Deng ◽  
Guangjie Zhang ◽  
Zhongwu Li ◽  
Ke Li

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1660-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ran Xu ◽  
Bao Li Gao Baiyin ◽  
Jian Wei Jia

Ecological compensation is being applied to deal with transboundary external effects caused by water resources conservation or exploitation in China. A concept of water resources co-conservation and sharing was applied to burden the upstream conservation cost and to share the benefit in the whole river basin. Xin’an River Basin, related to two provinces in East China, was taken as the study area. The current territorial scales of the co-conservation area and the benefit sharing area were determined. The total actual water conservation cost for Xin’an River Basin was estimated to be about 488 million CNY in 2006. By analyzing the transformation of protection costs and benefits between different districts and sections, benefits brought by water to different beneficiaries were also estimated. The conservation cost was distributed to the water users or governments in the whole sharing area according to the proportion of shared benefits.


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