Analysis of Hydraulic Characteristics and Treatment Efficiency by Filter Media Composition During Backwashing of Filtration-Type Non-Point Pollution Facilities

In this study, the hydraulic characteristics and pollutant treatment efficiency during backwashing were analyzed through laboratory-scale hydraulic model experiments for filtration-type non-point pollution reduction facilities. The filter media used in the experiment were analyzed by calculating the change in head loss for single or complex arrangements of wood chips (WC), sand (SA), and bottom ash (BA). These are commonly used to improve the adsorption mechanism in non-point pollution reduction facilities, from which the pollutant treatment efficiency was derived. The SS treatment efficiency experiments for each filter media layer were conducted with SA+WC (WC 0.3 m in the upper layer, SA 0.3 m in the lower layer) and SA+BA (SA 0.3 m in the upper layer, BA 0.3 m in the lower layer), and the removal efficiency was greater than 80%, indicating good efficiency. In the case of SA+BA, analysis showed a high removal efficiency of 87.4% at a linear velocity of 20 m/hr.

Environmental Regulations and CO2 Mitigation for Sustainability: Panel Data Analysis (PMG, CCEMG) for BRICS Nations

The relationship between income and pollution is contested, yet wealth alone is insufficient to regulate emissions, which necessitates environmental regulations. Even if inadequate environmental laws may overcome market failures produced by pollution’s negative externality, a thorough examination of their function in pollution management is critical. This research takes a step forward in offering a fresh viewpoint on the function of environmental laws in pollution reduction for BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) nations to better understand the role of environmental regulations in CO2 emission mitigation. The research presented here uses panel data econometric methodologies to achieve this goal, using data from 1995 to 2018. In addition, to provide country-specific findings, the research employs a completely modified ordinary least squares estimator. Environmental laws provide a beneficial influence in reducing carbon emissions. According to the empirical findings, the present environmental regulation positively meets pollution reduction objectives in chosen nations. The environment Kuznets curve (EKC) between pollution and income is controlled by environmental restrictions. Climate change mitigation in BRICS nations is driven by strong environmental policies and economic growth.

Policies for Improving PM2.5 Particles and GHGs Emissions in a Maritime Port of Taiwan: Evidence Based on the INDC and GGRMA Regulations

The impact of possible emission reduction policies designed to reduce port emissions in the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan was analyzed, focusing on ways to reduce air pollution from CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SOx generated by vessels, cranes, and truck tractors in the port. This paper was set up in two stages to determine how pollution reduction policies could reach the 2030 and in 2050 goals. The results showed that emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SOx could be reduced by 46%, 26%, 25%, 77%, 77%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in the first stage (in 2030, INDC), and by 57%, 59%, 53%, 79%, 79%, 80%, and 69%, respectively, in the second stage (in 2050, GGGRMA), as compared to 2005 data. This paper concludes as follows: (1) for vessels, the use of liquid natural gas is the best way to reduce GHGs when navigating by water; (2) for bridge cranes, electrification is the better policy during operation; (3) in the case of truck tractors, the generation of battery-electric power is the best way to reduce emissions. These policy proposals for improving air quality can be applied to all ports in Taiwan.

Industrial Co-Agglomeration and Air Pollution Reduction: An Empirical Evidence Based on Provincial Panel Data

Industrial co-agglomeration plays a significant role in the moving up of the manufacturing industry in the value chain and in transforming China from a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power. This study establishes a co-aggregation index to explore spatio-temporal changes of the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services in 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2019. Furthermore, we use spatial Durbin model to analyze the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on air pollution reduction. We find that (1) the co-agglomeration index varies remarkably at spatio-temporal scale; (2) high co-agglomeration index is mainly distributed in eastern and central China, while low co-agglomeration index is mainly located in the western region; (3) the co-agglomeration index presents a cluster pattern among provinces, with the cluster of high value in eastern China and the cluster of low value in western China; and (4) the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services is proven effetely to reduce air pollution, which is accompanied with spatial spillover effect. We also provided policy implications in line with diverse industries, multi hierarchies, and different regions, promoting the coordination of manufacturing and producer services and improving air quality.

Ecological Civilization Demonstration Zone, Air Pollution Reduction, and Political Promotion Tournament in China: Empirical Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

Using the ecological civilization demonstration zone as a quasi-natural experiment, this study has explored the effect of it on air pollution in China by employing the difference-in-differences model and the spatial difference-in-differences model, and further tested the political promotion tournament in China by employing the binary logit model. The results show that the ecological civilization demonstration zone has basically and effectively reduced air pollution, except for carbon monoxide and ozone. In addition, the spatial spillover effects of the ecological civilization demonstration zone on air pollution are not only basically supported among the treated cities, but also extremely established in the untreated cities neighboring the treated cities. Furthermore, no clear evidence supports the establishment of the political promotion tournament in China, while local cadres tend to cope with the assessment of higher officials passively rather than actively. Overall, this study sheds light on the coordination of economic development and ecological civilization from the perspective of the career concerns of local cadres.