Use of enzyme somase® in the measurement of biofilm using bioluminescence

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greetham ◽  
B. Holden ◽  
J. Scutt

Analysis of the biofilm on a distribution system model pipe rig gave high readings of extracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). The free ATP was assumed to come from dead cells at the base of the biofilm. The levels were large in proportion to the measured cellular ATP and were unstable. This resulted in errors in the calculation of cellular ATP. An enzyme Somase (0.5%) was employed to hydrolyse the free ATP. Increased accuracy of the measurement of cellular ATP was seen.

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fujita ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takanori Kodera ◽  
Mutsumi Aoki ◽  
Hiroto Suzuki ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
. Mubin

This Final duty produce design model distribution system for the finished of problems of product distibution stream. Method which used in system model is method of Crossdocking. Crossdocking used as by method to schedule delivery of product. Ther€ is two step scheduling of delivery, first of scheduling of delivery of factory Sales Center and both scheduling of shipping ofsales Center - outlet. Crossdocking repr€sent distribution melhod as a mean to minimize of is expense of supply, Crossdocking applied by functioned Sales Centar as facility of Crossdock, where at its distribution process of product sent from factory to outlet pass Sales Center without passing inventory storage process. Scheduling of first phase cover amounl, time, target of delivery, and used vehicle. By the end of this system device done by calculation of safety stock as anticipation to avoid stock out to demand of final consumer. Of device model this Crossdockingc an be yielded decrease of inventoryl evel in Sales Center, and decrease of transportation cost from factory to Sales Center.


Author(s):  
Sumeet Gupta ◽  
Tushar Agrawal ◽  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Dolly Jaisinghani ◽  
Ritika Rathi

This chapter presents several case studies of the multilayered system in India and shows how the prevalent distribution system preclude any means of cost reduction and making these supply chains efficient. Supply chains of perishable goods, electronic products, FMCG products and Pharmaceutical products are discussed in this chapter. Each of these supply chains present unique challenges and issues that need attention. The three main objectives in these studies are to understand the distribution systems as well as cost economics of the supply chains, identify potential conflicts and issues in their distribution system, and to study the effect of macro-environment on the distribution system. Apart from these objectives, these cases are also meant to prepare those venturing into such supply chains to come up with efficient solutions for improving these supply chains.


2016 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
YU FUJITA ◽  
HIROSHI KOBAYASHI ◽  
TAKANORI KODERA ◽  
MUTSUMI AOKI ◽  
HIROTO SUZUKI ◽  
...  

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