Vibrio cholerae 01 and salmonellae removal compared with the die-off of faecal indicator organisms in waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Arridge ◽  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Vibrio cholerae O1 was reduced from 40 per litre to zero after 5-10 days, and salmonellae from 130-470 per 100 ml to 1-2 per 100 ml after 13-16 days. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of these bacterial pathogens than were faecal streptococci or Clostridium perfringens, and FC numbers of 1000 per 100 ml were associated with an absence of V. cholerae and 1-2 salmonellae per 100 ml. In-pond survival studies indicated that significant removal of V. cholerae occurs when the sulphide concentration is ≥ 3 mgl-1, thus indicating the need to include anaerobic ponds.

The Removal of Excreted Bacteria and Viruses in Deep Waste Stabilization Ponds in Northeast Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The removal of excreted bacteria (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, total and sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, salmonellae and thermophilic campylobacters) and viruses (enterovirus and rotavirus) in a series of deep anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds (depth range: 2.8 - 3.4 m), with an overall retention time of 21 days and a mean mid-depth temperature of 27°C, was studied. Thermophilic campylobacters, bifidobacteria and salmonellae were not detected after 11, 16 and 21 days' retention respectively. Faecal coliforms, faecal streptcocci and Cl. perfringens were reduced by 4, 4 and 2 orders of magnitude respectively, and enteroviruses and rotaviruses both by 3 orders. The results indicate that pathogen removal in deep ponds is similar to that in ponds of normal depth.

The Removal of Excreted Bacteria and Viruses in Deep Waste Stabilization Ponds in Northeast Brazil

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The removal of excreted bacteria (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, total and sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, salmonellae and thermophilic campylobacters) and viruses (enterovirus and rotavirus) in a series of deep anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds (depth range: 2.8 - 3.4 m), with an overall retention time of 21 days and a mean mid-depth temperature of 27°C, was studied. Thermophilic campylobacters, bifidobacteria and salmonellae were not detected after 11, 16 and 21 days' retention respectively. Faecal coliforms, faecal streptcocci and Cl. perfringens were reduced by 4, 4 and 2 orders of magnitude respectively, and enteroviruses arid rotaviruses both by 3 orders. The results indicate that pathogen removal in deep ponds is similar to that in ponds of normal depth.

Vibrio cholerae O1 (El Tor) removal in waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. Oragui ◽  
Helen Arridge ◽  
D.D. Mara ◽  
H.W. Pearson ◽  
S.A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

The Performance of a Series of Five Deep Waste Stabilization Ponds in Northeast Brazil

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Silva ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
R. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Similar Series ◽  
The Mean

The performance was studied of a series of 2.2 m deep anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds, which had an overall retention time of 25 days, and a mean mid-depth temperature of 25°C. The mean percentage removals of BOD, COD, suspended solids and faecal coliforms were 88, 69, 83 and 99.97 respectively; there was only 4 percent reduction of ammonia and 6 percent of total phosphorus. The results are compared with those previously reported for a similar series of 1 – 1.2 m deep ponds at the same site.

Rotavirus removal in experimental waste stabilization pond systems with different geometries and configurations

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
H. Arridge ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .

Regrowth of faecal coliforms and salmonellae in stored biosolids and soil amended with biosolids

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gibbs ◽  
C. J. Hu ◽  
G. E. Ho ◽  
I. Unkovich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Stabilised wastewater sludge (biosolids) has beneficial re-use properties but these are limited by the presence of human pathogens. In this study soil amendment with biosolids and storage of biosolids prior to re-use were examined as disposal and treatment options. In a soil amendment trial biosolids were mixed with sandy soil and monitored for 37 weeks. In two storage trials biosolids were stored in piles 1m high and monitored for <60 weeks. Included in the monitoring programme were tests to determine the concentrations of faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and salmonellae. In both the soil amendment trials and biosolids storage trials, concentrations of indicator organisms and salmonellae decreased through an extended hot, dry summer period. Although these organisms were not detected in the majority of samples taken during the summer, repopulation of faecal coliforms and salmonellae occurred in the trials following rainfall at the beginning of the winter. In the case of one of the storage trials repopulation occurred following a period of 50 weeks when salmonellae and faecal coliforms were not detected. When repopulation occurred, faecal coliform concentrations increased to higher than those at the beginning of the trials. These results suggest that faecal coliforms and salmonellae were at undetectable concentrations through the summer period but were able to grow when provided with favourable conditions. From this limited trial it was concluded that soil amended with biosolids could not be considered free from pathogens for at least one year following amendment.

Survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Ceviche and Its Reduction by Heat Pretreatment of Raw Ingredients

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. REFUGIO TORRES-VITELA ◽  
ALEJANDRO CASTILLO ◽  
LUZ M. IBARRA-VELAZQUEZ ◽  
VER[Oacute]NICA NAVARRO-HIDALGO ◽  
M. OFELIA RODRÍGUEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Heat Pretreatment ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Survival Studies

The survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotypes Inaba and Ogawa was determined in ceviche prepared from inoculated ground fish. Ground mackerel purchased from a seafood distribution center was inoculated with V. cholerae and stored at 8 or 20°C. Counts of V. cholerae decreased in 2.6 to 2.7 log10 CFU/g during 96 h of storage at 8°Cor 2.5 to 2.6 log10 CFU/g during 24 h at 20°C. Survival studies indicated that serotype Inaba decreased its number following a linear or retarded trend, whereas serotype Ogawa followed an accelerated death trend. No effect of the initial level of inoculum was observed. Odor scores of ceviche indicated that this food became marginally acceptable within as little as 48 h of storage at 8°Cor 3hat 20°C and were related to total volatile nitrogen values but not to aerobic plate counts, pH, or coliform counts. A heat pretreatment that consisted of stirring 100 g of inoculated ground fish into 40 ml of boiling water produced an 8-log reduction of V. cholerae within 3 min without affecting the color, odor, or flavor of ceviche prepared with such pretreated fish. According to this study, V. cholerae present in contaminated ceviche will likely survive longer than the shelf life of this food. Preheating the ground raw fish used for preparing ceviche for 3 min should effectively eliminate V. cholerae O1, providing science-based conditions for implementing a critical control point if a hazard analysis critical control point plan were to be developed for preparation of ceviche.

Effects of Maturation on the Characteristics of Wastewater Stabilization Pond Sludges

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carré ◽  
D. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The physical-chemical characteristics, (pH, Eh, S2−, TOC, NH4+, particulate Kjeldahl nitrogen (PKN), total phosphorus (TP) and PO43−.) of the sludge accumulated in the first of a series of wastewater stabilization ponds nave been studied in two vertical profiles in order to characterize the effects of the maturation of the sludge. The effects on the concentration of faecal indicator organisms and salmonella have also been determined. The maturation leads to an increased density of the sludge and to the removal of about 80% of the TOC, 70% of PN and of 75% of TP initially present in the fresh sludge. The concentrations of sulfate reducing bacteria do not change and those of the total coliforms, the faecal coliforms and the faecal streptococci are only moderately modified, as the maximum decrease is 4 log. Salmonellae only are found in the superficial sediment layer, which might indicate their rapid inactivation.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and coefficients of reliability for waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Matheus Sales Alves ◽  
Fernando José Araújo da Silva ◽  
André Luís Calado Araújo ◽  
Erlon Lopes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Normal Probability Distribution ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Domestic Effluent

This paper assesses the reliability of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) and proposes an alternative approach to WSP design based on the calculation of coefficient of reliability (COR) from an acceptable measure of violation of discharge standards. For that, data were collected from 10 full-scale systems operating in Northeast Brazil. All systems receive predominantly domestic effluent and are composed of one facultative pond and two serial maturation ponds. Different levels of restriction for effluent discharge were considered regarding the parameters: BOD, COD, total suspended solids, ammonia and thermotolerant coliforms. The Log-normal Probability Distribution Function (PDF) was able to represent the behavior of the concentration data in the effluent and, therefore, allowed the COR calculation. The COR was obtained from the coefficient of variation (CV) of the concentrations and the standardized normal variable associated with a 95% probability of non-exceedance. The observed dispersion of the results proved to be detrimental to the adoption of a single COR value for the evaluated parameters. In addition, the comparison between observed and design/operational concentration for optimal performance showed that the 95% reliability scenario represents a less achievable target for WSP systems.

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