REVIEW ON THE NEUTRON SOURCE STRENGTH OF HEU METAL BURST REACTOR

There were two similar series of burst waiting time experiments carried out on Godiva-II and Caliban respectively and analyzed for neutron initiation study, unfortunately both the strength of spontaneous fission neutron source given in the published papers are not consistent with the spontaneous fission data of U-235 and U-238. In this paper, the discrepancies of spontaneous fission data of U-235 and U-238 from different references are reviewed and clarified and the correct strength of spontaneous fission neutron source for Godiva-II and Caliban are calculated respectively, then the multiplication equivalence method of arbitrary source is introduced and the equivalent fundamental-mode(EFM) co-efficiencies of spontaneous fission neutron source for Godiva-II and Caliban are calculated with MC software, lastly the strength of neutron source for these two HEU metal burst reactor in EFM are deduced. The EFM neutron strength of this two burst reactors are much less than proposed values used for burst waiting investigation in published papers respectively, and with the new data, the inconsistency of burst waiting time to the published results is presented and discussed.

Reality and Fiction: The Birth of Cruising

In this chapter the real events that inspired Cruising are described and give the novel its context. In the 1960s detective Randy Jurgensen set out to investigate a series of brutal murders within the gay leather scene. This essay explores Jurgensen’s investigation and brings us to journalist Arthur Bell’s article on a very similar series of killings, which were the impulse for Friedkin to finally direct the film.

The Beginnings of Civilisation: Television Travels to Greece with Mortimer Wheeler and Compton Mackenzie

This chapter considers two early BBC television documentary series about ancient Greece and its legacy: Armchair Voyage: Hellenic Cruise (1958) written and presented by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, and Sir Compton Mackenzie’s The Glory that was Greece (1959). Making use of archival documentation from the BBC Written Archives Centre, including audience research reports, the chapter details the network of influences on the series. It is argued that these series draw on earlier forms of encounters with and depictions of the sites of ancient Greece, including the Grand Tour, 19th-century photography, tourism, film travelogues and radio programming. In addition, the chapter details the ways in which these two series contributed centrally to establishing the fundamentals of the emerging form of the presenter-led documentary. This approach to documentary flourished a decade later in the BBC series Civilisation (1969), with Sir Kenneth Clark. Similar series centred on a journey with a presenter who acts as a surrogate for the viewer remain dominant in history and arts programming for television.

Comparative Mutinies

In May-June, 1863, over one hundred men of the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, veterans of over two years of hard fighting throughout the Eastern Theatre of the American Civil War, conducted a protest against their treatment by military authorities. Fifty-five years later, in September 1918, several battalions of volunteers from the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) conducted a similar series of protests on the Western Front, also as a form of resistance to their treatment by military authorities. These were very different fighting forces in two very different wars, but there are remarkable similarities in the causes of their respective actions, in the sentiment expressed by the soldiers, in the nonviolent nature of the action, and in the eventual resolution of the issues at the heart of the action. This chapter explores those key aspects of these protests through a close comparative analysis. It relies primarily on written accounts both from individuals involved in the strikes and from individuals involved in resolving the strikes, in order to understand common environmental factors and psychological concerns shared by men of the 2nd Maine Regiment in 1863 and the battalions of the Australian Imperial Force in 1918. Finally, the approach used in this paper focuses on the experiences of soldiers as workers within the military, and through this approach this paper seeks to draw out broader conclusions about the cultural links between civil society and military environments.

Study of the Effect of Chalconyl Central Bridge on Mesomorphism

A novel homologous series of chalconyl ester derivatives of thermotropic type of liquid crystals (LC) variety have been synthesized with its general molecular formula RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-CO-CH=CH-C6H4-N(CH3)2 (Para). Present investigation is planned with a view to understand and establish the relation between molecular structure and the mesomorphic behaviorur of the constituent homologue derivatives as well as to avail novel mesomorphic (LC) substances to the researcher working on multidisciplinary thermotropic LC material with different aims, objects and views at different angles. Novel homologous series consists of twelve homologues C1 to C5 homologues are nonliquid crystals (NLC) and the rest of the C6 to C16 are monotropically nematogenic liquid crystals. Transition temperatures and texture of the LC and NLC were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with heating stage (POM). Textures of nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Analytical and spectral data confirms the molecular structures of homologues. Thermal stability for monotropy is very low of the magnitudes of few second and of negligible degree of temperature difference. Thermal properties of present novel series are compared with of structurally similar series, data interpreted in terms of molecular rigidity and flexibility to derive group efficiency order.

Molecular Flexibility of Longer n-Alkoxy Tail Group Operated Mesomorphism

A novel homologous series RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-CO-CH=CH-C6H4-OC16H33 (n) para of chalconyl ester derivatives have been synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the effect of molecular structure on thermotropic liquid crystalline state of the substances and to provide novel liquid crystal (LC) materials to the researchers working in an unique multidisciplinary LC state of the substances. A novel chalconyl ester series consists of thirteen ( C1 to C18) homologues. C5 to C18 homologues are enantiotropically nematogenic without exhibition of smectogenic property, while the rest of the C1 to C4 homologues are nonliquid crystals (NLC). Transition temperatures and textures were determined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of a nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Cr-I/N and N-I transition curves of a phase diagram behaved in normal manner except negligible abnormality at C14 homologue. Odd-even effect is exhibited by N-I transition curve. Analytical and Spectral data supported molecular structures of the homologues. Thermal stability for nematic is 97.33°C and the degree of mesomorphism vary maximum 24.0°C at C5 homologue to minimum 11.0°C at C10 homologue respectively. Latent transition temperatures (LTT) are determined for nonmesomorphic homologues C4 (90°C) and C3 (114°C) homologues by extrapolation method of transition curve. LC properties of a novel series are (thermometric) compared with structurally similar series.

Molecular Flexibility Operated Mesomorphism

Novel homologous series: RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-CH2-C6H4-Br (p) synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the effects of molecular structure on liquid crystal (LC) behavior of a series. Series consists of eleven homologues. C1 to C7 members of a novel series are non-liquid crystals. Mesomorphism commences from Octyloxy (C8) homologue and continued upto hexadecyloxy homologue (C16) as enantiotropic nematic without exhibition of smectic property. The textures of a nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren. Transition temperatures (table-2) and textures are determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage. Cr-N/I and N-I transition curve behaved in normal manner in phase diagram, showing their phase behavior (figure-1). Odd-even effect is absent for N-I transition curve. Analytical and spectral data confirmed the molecular structures of a series. The LC properties are compared with the structurally similar series. The transition temperatures are relatively lower than the corresponding n-alkoxy benzoic acid. Thus, present novel series is partly nematogenic with absence of smectic property whose mesogenic phase length is low and of low ordered melting type. Thermal stability for nematic is 93.0°C and the mesophaselength ranges from 8 to 21°C.

PZT-like structural phase transitions in the BiFeO3–KNbO3 solid solution

The solid solution between bismuth ferrite and potassium niobate indicates a similar series of phase transitions to PZT.