Process parameter development for ozonation of kraft pulp mill effluents

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hongde ◽  
Daniel W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Wastewaters discharged from the aerated lagoon basin of a kraft pulp mill were ozonated using both bench scale and pilot scale fine bubble contactors. Effects of contactor scaling-up on ozonation effectiveness were examined by comparing the removal efficiencies of color, AOX (adsorbable organic halides) and other wastewater characteristics. The absorption efficiency of ozone was determined by monitoring the exit off-gas ozone over a wide range of operating conditions. Overall mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and its enhancement factor due to the occurrence of rapid ozone decay reactions (E) were then quantified by applying the two-film theory to an irreversible gas-liquid reaction. Results showed that ozone was very effective in oxidizing color and AOX-causing compounds. The effectiveness could be simply related to the amount of utilized ozone alone, regardless of the variations in gas flowrate, inlet ozone concentration, and contactor configurations. In contrast, the ozone absorption was affected by both operating conditions and wastewater characteristics. Its rate might be enhanced substantially due to the presence of ozone decay reactions, particularly in the cases of occurring rapid ozone decay reactions. Accordingly, a relationship was developed to describe the dynamic changes of EkLa values versus the utilized ozone.

Marine fungi isolated from a Kraft pulp mill outfall area

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Churchand ◽  
M. McClaren
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Sample Site ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Fungi Imperfecti

Wood- and leaf-inhabiting marine fungi were collected from two depths near the effluent outlets of a Kraft pulp mill in Howe Sound, British Columbia. Other sites which were not directly affected by pulp mill effluents were also sampled. All groups of fungi grew poorly on baits which rested on the bottom at the mill. At a depth of 30 cm, Phycomycetes were isolated as frequently from the mill as from control sites. Of the Fungi Imperfecti, Monodictys pelagica (Johnson) Jones was isolated more frequently from the mill than from control sites; Zalerion maritimum (Linder) Anastasiou was isolated less frequently from the mill than from control sites. Phialophora fastigiata (Lagerb. & Melin) Conant was isolated exclusively from the pulp mill station. Ascomycetes were rarely found on panels submerged at the pulp mill.Hydrographic measurements showed that water temperature at the mill sample site was not affected by the effluent. Salinity and pH were generally lower at the pulp mill than at the control site, and may have been partially responsible for the observed distributional differences.

Effluent effects on the nutrient concentrations and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. Petrowskyana L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Patterson ◽  
D S Chanasyk ◽  
M A Naeth ◽  
E. Mapfumo
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Using effluent as a source of irrigation water and to provide nutrients for plant growth is gaining favour as an environmentally positive practice instead of discharging effluent into surface water bodies. A growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate pulp mill wastewater as an irrigation source. This study evaluated the effects of water (TPW), municipal effluent (ME), and Kraft pulp mill effluent (KPME) and waste activated sludge (WAS) at rates of 1.5, 3, and 6 mm d-1 on available soil nutrients, nutrient uptake, and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. petrowskyana L.). Increasing the application rate significantly increased biomass for both crops, but the KPME treatment significantly decreased leaf biomass of the hybrid poplar. Effluent applications did not result in toxic accumulations of nutrients within the analyzed tissues for either reed canarygrass or hybrid poplar. Only the WAS treatment significantly increased soil available concentrations of P, K, S, B, Mn, and Zn. Results of the study found lower irrigation rates of Kraft pulp mill effluents could be used as supplementary source and provide nutrients for reed canarygrass and hybrid poplar. Key words: Biomass, effluent irrigation, hybrid poplar, nutrient concentration, reed canarygrass

Treatment of real industrial wastewaters through nano-TiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 photocatalysis: case study of mining and kraft pulp mill effluents

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1586-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nogueira ◽  
I. Lopes ◽  
T. A. P. Rocha-Santos ◽  
F. Gonçalves ◽  
R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Characterization of thermophilic aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7191-7206
Author(s):  
Rafles Anselmo da Mata ◽  
Ismarley Lage Horta Morais ◽  
Claudio Mudadu Silva
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Aerobic Sludge

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the thermophilic granular aerobic sludge used in the treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. Four sequential batch reactors (SBRs) were operated with cycles of 12 hours. Reactor (R1-FSR) with flocculent sludge was used as control. The other three reactors (R2-GSR, R3-GSR+100, and R4-GSR+200) were operated with granular aerobic sludge. Concentrations 100 and 200 mg. L-1 of calcium were applied in the R3-GSR+100 and R4-GSR+200, respectively. The pH was maintained in the neutral range in all reactors. The experimental plan was carried out for 490-day period, in 5 phases at different temperatures of 35 °C to 55 ºC. All SBRs showed COD removal efficiency above 60% in all temperature ranges. The granule average diameter in the R2-GSR, R3-GSR+100, and R4-GSR+200 ranged from 5 to 8 mm. The reactor R3-GS+100 showed better stability due to the addition of 100 mg. L-1 of calcium. The granular sludge sedimentation velocity was 40 m.h-¹, which was eight times higher than the flocculent sludge. Thermophilic treatment (55 °C) using aerobic granular sludge proved to be a promising way for treating bleached kraft pulp mill effluent without a prior cooling process.

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