Urban drainage and highway runoff in cold climates: conference overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Viklander ◽  
J. Marsalek ◽  
P.-A. Malmquist ◽  
W.E. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Winter Runoff ◽  
Winter Operation ◽  
Runoff Quality

This overview of research findings presented at the conference on urban drainage and highway runoff in cold climates starts with generation of urban runoff and snowmelt, followed by snowmelt and winter runoff quality, best management practices for urban snowmelt and winter runoff, and snow management in urban areas. Research on the urban hydrological cycle is lagging behind the needs in this field, particularly in terms of data availability. The current studies of winter urban runoff quality focus on road salts in the urban environment and their environmental effects. The needs for better source controls in salt applications, improved management of chloride-laden runoff, and selective adoption of environmentally safer alternative de-icers were reported. Adaptation of the conventional stormwater best management practices (BMPs) for winter operation remains a challenge. The first step in refining the existing BMPs for winter operation is to advance the understanding of their operation, as reported for some cases at the conference. Finally, snow management in urban areas may require local storage of fresh (unpolluted) snow and disposal of more polluted snow at central snow disposal sites.

Assessing the performance of urban BMPs in Scotland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jefferies ◽  
A. Aitken ◽  
N. McLean ◽  
K. Macdonald ◽  
G. McKissock
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
And Performance

Best Management Practices (BMPs) in urban drainage have been promoted in Scotland for a number of years in response to the need to combat pollution arising from diffuse sources in urban areas. This has led to the construction of around one hundred BMP installations using both source and end of pipe control. These are principally in the East of Scotland, and the number is growing rapidly as education and knowledge increases. A programme of investigations into the factors which influence the performance of the systems commenced in 1997. A range of types of BMP are under study including both source control and end of pipe systems. The sites have been divided into groups for which different depths of investigation are being undertaken. The programme involves a number of parallel investigations requiring field studies, data reviews and enquiries to confirm applicability and performance in situ. Many of the factors which influence the selection, installation and operation of a particular system are social, legal and administrative in addition to those which relate to its design and construction. The different strands of the study have been developed to ensure that all influences are identified and evaluated.

Phosphorus dynamics in vegetated buffer strips in cold climates: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Kieta ◽  
Philip N. Owens ◽  
David A. Lobb ◽  
Jason A. Vanrobaeys ◽  
Don N. Flaten
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Best Management

The movement of excess phosphorus (P) into streams, rivers, and lakes poses a significant threat to water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems and thus, P has been targeted for reduction. In landscapes dominated by agriculture, P is primarily transported through non-point sources, which a number of best management practices aim to target. One such practice is vegetated buffer strips (VBS), which are designed to use dense vegetation above the surface and extensive root systems below the surface to reduce runoff velocity, trap sediments, increase infiltration, and increase plant uptake of nutrients. The effectiveness of VBS in reducing P concentrations has been studied and reviewed, but most studies have been undertaken in warm or temperate climates, where runoff is primarily driven through summer rainfall events and when vegetation is actively growing. In cold climates, the majority of runoff occurs during the snowmelt period, when soils are frozen and vegetation has been flattened by snow and ice over the winter period and is not actively taking up nutrients. These conditions hinder the ability of VBS to work as designed. Additionally, frozen vegetation can release P after undergoing freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). Thus, this review aimed to (i) summarize research designed to determine the effectiveness of VBS in reducing P transport in cold climates, (ii) collate research on the potential for vegetation to release P after undergoing FTCs, and (iii) identify research gaps to be addressed in determining VBS effectiveness in cold climates. Cold-climate VBS implemented in Canada, the northern United States, and northern Europe have shown P removal efficiencies ranging from −36% to +89%, a range that identifies the uncertainty surrounding the use of VBS in these landscapes. However, there is consensus among researchers globally that vegetation does release P after undergoing FTCs, though P concentrations from different species vary across studies. The design and management of VBS in cold climates requires careful consideration, and VBS may not always be the best management strategy to reduce P transport. Future research should be undertaken at a larger scale in natural systems and focus on VBS design and management strategies.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban drainage: delineation of a scientific domain of knowledge production

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altair Rosa ◽  
Eduardo Mario Mendiondo ◽  
Marina Batalini Macedo ◽  
Vladimir Caramori De Sousa ◽  
David Sample ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Definition Of

Sustainable Urban Drainage emerged and gained prominence during the late 90s. Despite this progress, there is little uniformity in subjects and definition of terms within the overall sustainability theme. This tends to create a duplication of objectives and confusion about the correct use of techniques and procedures. This paper seeks to identify, map and evaluate ‘Sustainable Urban Drainage’ as a scientific domain, using relationships between underlying subthemes. We analyzed 3,805 publications by 8,237 authors with relation to 11,957 citations using sociometric and bibliometric techniques. The results confirm the existence of the knowledge domain with one main nucleus and 20 independent networks. Core subthemes such as stormwater management, low impact development, integrated urban water management, bioretention, and best management practices are distinguishable the main domain.

Diffuse pollution abatement – a key component in the integrated effort towards sustainable urban basins

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Novotny ◽  
K. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Best Management

Water bodies are highly stressed by overdrafts of water for many purposes upstream and in the cities, and effluent domination and excessive point and diffuse pollution downstream. Pollution is also caused by the urban landscape which prefers impervious rather than porous surfaces; fast-conveyance infrastructure rather than “softer” approaches like ponds and vegetation; and stream channelization instead of natural stream courses, buffers and floodplains, and development in the floodplains. In future, the comprehensive and complex problems of urban pollution must be solved within the framework of the total hydrological cycle concept. This provides a new impetus to diffuse pollution management in urban areas. The best management practices that have been developed in the past could become key components of the new urban total hydrological cycle paradigm for solving the water shortage and pollution problems in an integrated manner, and making the urban systems hydrologically and ecologically sustainable. The paradigm will include landscape changes (less imperviousness, more green space used as buffers and groundwater recharge) as well application of the best management practices that provide water conservation, storage and reuse.

Best management practices for stormwater-runoff with alternative methods in a large urban catchment in Berlin, Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sieker ◽  
M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Impervious Area

Because of multiple constraints, e.g. existing drainage systems, little available space and higher costs, Best Management Practices (BMP) for stormwater-runoff in existing urban areas is more difficult to apply than for new urban developments. For a large urban catchment (about 22 km2) with a separate drainage system in Berlin, Germany a combination of decentral (non-structural) and semi-central stormwater-management measures proved to be the best solution. It offers a high effectiveness concerning stormwater treatment at relatively low costs. Modern planning tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to investigate the possibilities of implementing decentral measures in larger areas. Correlations between field surveys and data from the ‘Environmental Information System’ of Berlin shows that even in highly urbanised areas a disconnection of 30% of the impervious area can easily be achieved. The resulting reduction of the discharge makes it possible to convert existing retention tanks to soil filter tanks. The purification efficiency of this combined measures is higher than of a central stormwater settling tank which has been simulated with a pollution load model.

Urban runoff pollution-summary thoughts - the state-of-practice today and for the 21st century

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Roesner
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
The State ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
State Of Practice

A number of papers at this conference were presented on quality aspects of urban runoff. In addition, three workshops addressed Urban Best Management Practices (BMPs), Highway Runoff, and Megacities in the 21st Century, respectively. Several well-known presenters expressed conflicting views on fundamental issues regarding BMP adequacy and the proper approach to urban runoff quality management. Upon reflection, the author believes that the conflicting opinions result principally from two related facts: 1) there is no accepted uniform design criteria for BMPs, so that various authors are comparing apples and oranges; and 2) the objectives of the management practices differ between authors. This paper responds to those conflicting views, with some reflections on the state-of-practice in the three subject areas, based upon some of the presentations in the conference sessions and in the workshops.

scholarly journals Development of stormwater exfiltration systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Khowaja
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Receiving Water

Pollutant loading from urban runoff has been established as a major cause of receiving water degradation. In an effort to control this problem at the source many Best Management Practices (BMP) have been developed. In this report, the Atlantis Exfiltration Tanks System, was developed as a potential BMP for the City of Sarnia. In order to analyze the efficiency and performance characteristics of the Atlantis Exfiltration Tanks, it is necessary to conduct pilot study before implementation. For this purpose, the highly impervious parking lot of the Newton's Park in Sarnia was selected to develop the Atlantis Exfiltration System (AES). The construction of AES was completed in summer of 2004. AES is an "at source" base water purification and storage system. This report includes the construction and performance of AES followed by conclusions and recommendations for further study.

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