The global warming and soaring energy consumption have motivated many scholars and policymakers to pursue energy conservation and environmental improvement. As a renewable cleaning energy, geothermal resources have been actively developed in recent years. Taking six geothermal projects in Hunan, China as examples, this paper determines the input and output indices for each project. The input indices cover both economic and environmental dimensions. Then, the authors deeply explored how much geothermal resource quantity, single-well yield, total investment, and annual cost investment influence dynamic investment recovery period, coal reduction of summer operation, coal reduction of winter operation, environmental protection and energy saving, standard coal reduction, and emission reduction. The results show that total investment, single-well yield, and total investment have significant effects on economic indices, while geothermal resource quantity, single-well yield, and total investment have significant effects on environmental indices.