Phosphorus dynamics in vegetated buffer strips in cold climates: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Kieta ◽  
Philip N. Owens ◽  
David A. Lobb ◽  
Jason A. Vanrobaeys ◽  
Don N. Flaten
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Best Management

The movement of excess phosphorus (P) into streams, rivers, and lakes poses a significant threat to water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems and thus, P has been targeted for reduction. In landscapes dominated by agriculture, P is primarily transported through non-point sources, which a number of best management practices aim to target. One such practice is vegetated buffer strips (VBS), which are designed to use dense vegetation above the surface and extensive root systems below the surface to reduce runoff velocity, trap sediments, increase infiltration, and increase plant uptake of nutrients. The effectiveness of VBS in reducing P concentrations has been studied and reviewed, but most studies have been undertaken in warm or temperate climates, where runoff is primarily driven through summer rainfall events and when vegetation is actively growing. In cold climates, the majority of runoff occurs during the snowmelt period, when soils are frozen and vegetation has been flattened by snow and ice over the winter period and is not actively taking up nutrients. These conditions hinder the ability of VBS to work as designed. Additionally, frozen vegetation can release P after undergoing freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). Thus, this review aimed to (i) summarize research designed to determine the effectiveness of VBS in reducing P transport in cold climates, (ii) collate research on the potential for vegetation to release P after undergoing FTCs, and (iii) identify research gaps to be addressed in determining VBS effectiveness in cold climates. Cold-climate VBS implemented in Canada, the northern United States, and northern Europe have shown P removal efficiencies ranging from −36% to +89%, a range that identifies the uncertainty surrounding the use of VBS in these landscapes. However, there is consensus among researchers globally that vegetation does release P after undergoing FTCs, though P concentrations from different species vary across studies. The design and management of VBS in cold climates requires careful consideration, and VBS may not always be the best management strategy to reduce P transport. Future research should be undertaken at a larger scale in natural systems and focus on VBS design and management strategies.

scholarly journals Framework to prioritize watersheds for diffuse pollution management in the Republic of Korea: application of multi-criteria analysis using the Delphi method

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2767-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyumin Lee ◽  
Kyung Soo Jun ◽  
Minji Kang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Abstract. This study aimed to develop a risk-based approach for determining control areas to manage non-point source pollution, developing a framework to prioritize catchments by considering the characteristics of polluted runoff from non-point sources. The best management, decision-making, and scientific approaches, such as the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and the Delphi technique, are required for the designation of control areas and the application of the best management practices to the control areas. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods can handle the diversity and complexity of non-point source pollution. The Delphi technique was employed for selecting the assessment criteria/sub-criteria and determining their weights. Sub-criteria for each catchment unit were scored with either a quantitative or qualitative scale. All non-point pollution sources in mainland Republic of Korea were included, with the exception of a few islands, with catchment prioritization and pollution vulnerability evaluations shown as thematic maps. This study contributes to the field by developing a new risk-based approach for ranking and prioritizing catchments; this provides valuable information for the Ministry of Environment to use to identify control areas and manage non-point source pollution.

Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumors: Building on Success

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1855-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Selection Of

We have come a long way in our understanding and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors since the term “karzinoide” was coined in 1907. Neuroendocrine tumors are a group of biologically and clinically heterogeneous neoplasms that most commonly originate in the lungs, GI tract, and pancreas. The selection of initial and subsequent therapies requires careful consideration of both tumor and treatment characteristics. With recent advances, we now have more tools for the diagnosis and treatment of our patients. This comprehensive review article summarizes recent advances in the field of neuroendocrine tumors and places them into context for best management practices.

Evaluation of AnnAGNPS in cold and temperate regions

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Das ◽  
R.P. Rudra ◽  
P.K. Goel ◽  
B. Gharabaghi ◽  
N. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Sediment Component ◽  
Selection Of

Identification of the pollution sources and understanding the processes related to runoff generation and pollution transportation is effective for the water quality management and selection of the Best Management Practices. The ANNualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to a watershed in Southern Ontario to evaluate the hydrology and sediment component from the non-point sources. The model was run for two years (1998 to 1999); one year's data was used to calibrate and the second year's data was used for validation purposes. The model has under predicted runoff amount and over predicted the sediment yield. However, the simulated runoff and sediment yield compared fairly well with the observed data indicating that the model had an acceptable performance in simulation of runoff and sediment. The study is still in progress to assess its performance for estimation of TMDL and improvements needed for the model to use under Ontario conditions.

Restoration challenges for urban rivers

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. D'Arcy ◽  
T. Rosenqvist ◽  
G. Mitchell ◽  
R. Kellagher ◽  
S. Billett
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Persistent Pollutants ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pollution Loads

Urban sources account for significant quantities of important diffuse pollutants, and urban watercourses are typically badly polluted. As well as toxic metals, hydrocarbons including PAHs, and suspended matter, priority urban pollutants include faecal pathogens and nutrients. Can urban watercourses be restored by sufficient reductions in pollution loads? Case studies in the UK and Sweden provide insights and some grounds for optimism. A major trans-Atlantic review of the performance of best management practices (BMPs) is informing BMP planning. New approaches such as the maximisation of self-purification capacity in the receiving waters may also need to be developed, alongside BMPs at source. Other initiatives in Europe, USA and China, including collaborative projects, are trying to address the intractable issues such as persistent pollutants from transport and urban infrastructure. The challenge is daunting, but there are clear ways forward and future research needs are evident.

Stimulating implementation of best management practices to reduce pesticide loads to surface water in a small agricultural catchment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Seuntjens ◽  
Ellen Pauwelyn ◽  
Els Belmans ◽  
Ingeborg Joris ◽  
Elien Dupon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Impact

<p>High-quality, safe, and sufficient drinking water is essential for life: we use it for drinking, food preparation and cleaning. Agriculture is the biggest source of pesticides and nitrate pollution in European fresh waters. Pesticide occurrences in rivers result from diffuse runoff from farmland or from point sources from the farmyard. Although many best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate these diffuse and point sources are developed and widely disseminated for several years, the effective implementation of mitigation measures in practice remains limited. Therefore, the Waterprotect project has been set up to improve the knowledge and awareness of the impact of crop protection products on the water quality among the many actors, to identify the bottlenecks for implementation of suitable BMPs and further develop new governance strategies to overcome these issues for a more effective drinking water protection. As all actors share the responsibility to deal with the water quality, government agencies (e.g. environmental agencies), private actors (e.g. drinking water company, input supplier, processing industry) and civil society actors (e.g. farmers) are involved in the project. Processes to cope with the problem are initiated in 7 action labs among which the Belgian Bollaertbeek action lab. The study area is a small agricultural catchment where surface water is used as intake to produce drinking water for the nearby city. The area is sensitive to erosion and based on a physical analysis and risk analysis of the catchment, the implementation of filling and cleaning places on individual farms and buffer strips along the watercourse are proposed as suitable measures to tackle the pollution problem. In order to implement them, mechanisms to increase the involvement of targeted farmers and alternative governance systems are studied. Results of the analysis of the water quality issues and the water governance system in the Belgian Bollaertbeek action lab and the strategies to try to improve the uptake of mitigation measures to improve water quality will be presented.</p>

Performance of low-impact development best management practices: a critical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hager ◽  
Guangji Hu ◽  
Kasun Hewage ◽  
Rehan Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

Low-impact development (LID), a land planning and engineering design approach for managing urban stormwater runoff, has been widely adopted across the globe. LID best management practices (BMPs) are man-made features that rely on natural processes to manage stormwater water quantity and quality. In this article, recent literature (published after the year 2008) related to nine BMPs was reviewed to highlight the ranges in treatment efficiencies for 21 of the most frequently investigated runoff parameters. The primary function, pros and cons, and factors affecting performance of each BMP were discussed. A frequency analysis of the reviewed parameters showed that total suspended solids, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, runoff reduction, and zinc concentrations were the most frequently investigated stormwater runoff parameters. Five recurring themes were observed with regards to knowledge gaps and conflicting objectives for research related to LID BMPs that include: (i) lack of consensus on which parameters to measure for effective LID adoption, (ii) BMP performance is highly variable, (iii) many BMPs are known exporters of nutrient pollutants, (iv) lack of cold weather performance-specific studies for individual BMPs, and (v) lack of human pathogen-related stormwater quality studies for individual BMPs. Suggestions for future research are discussed to address these knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Assessing Application and Effectiveness of Forestry Best Management Practices in New York

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Schuler ◽  
Russel D. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
New York State ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Sediment Movement ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical

Abstract Forty-two forestry best management practices (BMPs) were assessed to determine the extent of voluntary application and their effectiveness in preventing water quality impacts in New York State. These BMPs were evaluated on 61 timber-harvested sites in the Catskill region (CR), and 53 timber harvested sites in the Adirondack region (AR) during the summers of 1997 and 1998. The overall application of suggested BMPs was 78% for haul roads, 87% for landings, 59% for skid trails, 88% for equipment maintenance/operation, and 73% for buffer strips. Departures were common for BMPs concerned with draining water off haul roads and skid trails, and for stream crossings; more attention must be devoted to those practices. Effectiveness of BMPs was apparent when they were applied. Nonparametric statistical tests showed a strong relationship between BMP application and prevention of sediment movement. Limiting sediment movement protects surface water. In the CR, 27 of the 33 BMPs tested showed a statistically significant (P < 0.10) relationship between BMP application and sediment movement. Similar results were observed in the AR; 26 of the BMPs tested were significantly associated with sediment movement. Imperfect application of BMPs reduced effectiveness. Road drainage structures, for example, generally failed to adequately control erosion when spacing between drainage structures was excessive. North. J. Appl. For. 17(4): 125–134.

scholarly journals Water Quality Regulations in the Chesapeake Bay: Working to More Precisely Estimate Nutrient Loading Rates and Incentivize Best Management Practices in the Nursery and Greenhouse Industry

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Majsztrik ◽  
John D. Lea-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Nutrient Trading

Restoration efforts in the Chesapeake Bay recently intensified with the 2010 introduction of federal total maximum daily load (TMDL) limits for all 92 bay watershed segments. These regulations have specific, binding consequences if any of the six states or the District of Columbia fail to meet interim goals, including loss of federal dollars for various programs and increasing regulation of point sources, if non-point source (agricultural and urban) nutrient reduction goals are not met in the watershed. As part of the effort to better understand and account for non-point sources of pollution in the watershed, a team of agricultural experts from across the bay region was recently assembled, including the nursery industry. The goal of this panel was to inform stakeholders and policymakers about the inputs and management practices used across all Bay states. To increase both the precision and accuracy of loading rate estimates, more precise information should guide future iterations of the Chesapeake Bay model. A more accurate accounting of land area by operation type (e.g., greenhouse, container, and field) is a primary issue for the nursery and greenhouse industry, because the current Chesapeake Bay model relies on USDA agricultural census data, which does not separate container and field production, which have very different nutrient and irrigation practices. Field operations also typically account for a higher percentage of production area in each state, which may skew model results. This is very important because the type of operation (field, container-nursery, or greenhouse operation) has a significant impact on plant density, types of fertilizer used, and application rates, which combine with irrigation and water management practices to affect potential nutrient runoff. It is also important to represent a variety of implemented best management practices (BMPs) in the Chesapeake Bay model such as vegetated buffer strips, sediment ponds, controlled-release fertilizer, and accurately assess how these mitigate both nutrient and sediment runoff from individual operations. There may also be opportunities for growers who have implemented BMPs such as low-phosphorus slow-release fertilizers (SRF), precision irrigation, etc., to gain additional revenue through nutrient trading. Although there are currently some questions about how nutrient trading will work, this could provide additional incentives for further implementation of BMPs by both ornamental and other agricultural growers. It is possible that the TMDL process currently being implemented throughout the Chesapeake Bay will be used as a remediation process for other impaired estuarine water bodies, which have similar water-use regulations and issues. The lessons learned about the Chesapeake Bay model in general, and for the nursery and greenhouse industry in particular, will likely provide guidance for how we can be proactive in reducing environmental impacts and protect the economic viability of ornamental growers in the future.

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