An operational protocol for facilitating start-up of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen-removing reactors based on process stoichiometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Mutlu ◽  
A. K. Vangsgaard ◽  
G. Sin ◽  
B. F. Smets
Keyword(s):  
Single Stage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Start-up and operation of single-stage nitritation–anammox sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal can be challenging and far from trivial. In this study, a step-wise procedure is developed based on stoichiometric analysis of the process performance from nitrogen species measurements to systematically guide start-up and normal operation efforts (instead of trial and error). The procedure is successfully applied to laboratory-scale SBRs for start-up and maintained operation over an 8-month period. This analysis can serve as a strong decision-making tool to take appropriate actions with respect to reactor operation to accelerate start-up or ensure high-rate N removal via the nitritation–anammox pathway.

scholarly journals Successful hydraulic strategies to start up OLAND sequencing batch reactors at lab scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schaubroeck ◽  
Samik Bagchi ◽  
Haydée De Clippeleir ◽  
Marta Carballa ◽  
Willy Verstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Start Up

Performances of a granular sequencing batch reactor (GSBR)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Torregrossa ◽  
G. Di Bella ◽  
G. Viviani ◽  
A. Gnoffo
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Granulation ◽  
Reactor Configuration ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Hydrodynamic Shear ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors is widely reported in literature and in particular in SBAR (Sequencing batch airlift reactor) configuration, due to the high localised hydrodynamic shear forces that occur in this type of configuration. The aim of this work was to observe the phenomenon of the aerobic granulation and to confirm the excellent removal efficiencies that can be achieved with this technology. In order to do that, a laboratory-scale plant, inoculated with activated sludge collected from a conventional WWTP, was operated for 64 days: 42 days as a SBAR and 22 days as a SBBC (sequencing batch bubble column). The performances of the pilot plant showed excellent organics removal. COD and BOD removal efficiencies were respectively, 93 and 94%; on the contrary, N-removal efficiency was extremely low (5%–45%). The granules dimensions increased during the whole experimentation; change of reactor configuration contributed to further improve this aspect. The experimental work confirmed the essential role of hydraulic settling time in the formation of aerobic granules and in the sludge settleability and the need to find an optimum between granule size and oxygen supply to achieve good N-removal efficiency.

Efficient and integrated start-up strategy for partial nitrification to nitrite treating low C/N domestic wastewater

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3243-3251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
Shuying Wang ◽  
Huijun Huang ◽  
Yongzhen Peng ◽  
Shijian Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Operation Results

Nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway has the potential of reducing the requirements for aeration consumption and carbon source. However, the development of an efficient and quick start-up strategy for partial nitrification to nitrite has proven difficult in the treatment of low strength wastewater. In this study, the feasibility of partial nitrification achieved by using real-time aeration duration control was not only demonstrated from the kinetic mechanism, but also was validated in three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with low C/N domestic wastewater. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved when aeration was terminated as soon as an inflexion pH point was reached (the dpH/dt became from negative to positive). The reduction or limitation of the NOB growth could be achieved through aeration duration control, due to leaving no extra time for NOB to convert the accumulated nitrite. The experimental operation results also showed that partial nitrification with nitrite accumulation ratios of over 80% was achieved successfully in these three reactors with process control. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated the reduction of NOB was achieved and AOB became the dominant nitrifying bacteria. Moreover, an integrated start-up strategy based on aeration duration control was proposed to quickly achieve partial nitrification to nitrite.

Sequencing Batch Reactors - An Overview

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2523-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Norcross
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
On Line ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
And Control

Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR's) offer many advantages and few disadvantages to the wastewater treatment process selection. Due to the relatively recent surge of interest in SBR's, few plants have been on-line long enough for Engineers to have developed a thorough understanding of all design aspects and considerations. The author has been involved directly in the design, equipment supply, start-up and operation of almost 60 SBR's of all sizes. About two thirds of the installations are municipal and one-third of these installations are industrial sites involving wastes from food processors, dairies, distilleries, petro-chemical manufacturers, landfill leachate, tanneries, Government munition plants and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The control of filamentous bulking has also been excellent with SBR's. This paper will consider the mechanical, process and control aspects for design of an SBR. The mechanical aspects will include HRT and basin sizing, selection of aeration equipment and effluent decanters. The process parameters discussed will include loading rates and F:M considerations, MLSS concentration, oxygen requirements and D.O. uptake rate, flow proportional aeration, the benefits of an anoxic fill cycle, and finally, nutrient removal. Control considerations are briefly discussed.

Real-time process dynamics monitoring in Anammox reactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alpaslan Kocamemi ◽  
D. Dityapak
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Phase Conductivity ◽  
Break Points

Process dynamics in Anammox systems were evaluated through continuous monitoring of pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and conductivity in two separate newly started-up sequencing batch reactors, one seeded with an enriched Anammox sludge and the other seeded with mixed activated sludge. The pH and ORP profiles exhibited characteristic patterns depending on the process dynamics during early start-up, start-up and enrichment phases of the operational period of 410 days. The simultaneously continuing processes of the start-up period showed apparent indicative trend lines in pH and ORP profiles. Conductivity profiles were consistent with the process dynamics in all phases. During the enrichment phase, conductivity decreases could quantitatively be related to process removal efficiencies and all real-time profiles exhibited specific break-points which coincided with the end of Anammox in each cycle. The end of Anammox was observed as an ‘apex’ on pH profiles and a ‘valley’ on ORP profiles. The ‘apex’ and ‘valley’ points exactly coincided with the end point of the linear decrease in the conductivity profiles. The overall findings suggested a great potential in using real-time pH, ORP and conductivity measurements for quick and reliable monitoring of Anammox systems during start-up and enrichment periods.

Sequencing batch reactor as a post-treatment of anaerobically treated dairy effluent

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Benítez ◽  
A. Ferrari ◽  
S. Gutierrez ◽  
R. Canetti ◽  
A. Cabezas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability

Wastewater from dairy industries, characterized by its high COD content and relative high COD/TKN ratio, requires post-treatment after anaerobic treatment to complete the removal of organic matter and nutrients. Due to its simplicity, robustness and low maintenance costs, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) result in an attractive system, especially in case of small dairy industries in order to comply with the emission standards. The goal of this work was to determine the operational parameters, optimize the performance, and study the stability of the microbial population of a SBR system for the post-treatment of an anaerobic pond effluent. High and stable removal of COD and TKN was achieved in the reactor, which can easily be set up in dairy industries. An active nitrifying population was selected during reactor operation and maintained relatively stable, while the heterotrophic (total and denitrifying) communities were more unstable and susceptible to changes in the operating conditions.

Control of algal production in a high rate algal pond: investigation through batch and continuous experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Derabe Maobe ◽  
M. Onodera ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Fukazawa
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors ◽  
Algal Productivity

For decades, arid and semi-arid regions in Africa have faced issues related to water availability for drinking, irrigation and livestock purposes. To tackle these issues, a laboratory scale greywater treatment system based on high rate algal pond (HRAP) technology was investigated in order to guide the operation of the pilot plant implemented in the 2iE campus in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Because of the high suspended solids concentration generally found in effluents of this system, the aim of this study is to improve the performance of HRAPs in term of algal productivity and removal. To determine the selection mechanism of self-flocculated algae, three sets of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and three sets of continuous flow reactors (CFRs) were operated. Despite operation with the same solids retention time and the similarity of the algal growth rate found in these reactors, the algal productivity was higher in the SBRs owing to the short hydraulic retention time of 10 days in these reactors. By using a volume of CFR with twice the volume of our experimental CFRs, the algal concentration can be controlled during operation under similar physical conditions in both reactors.

Influence of the type and source of inoculum on the start-up of anammox sequencing batch reactors (SBRs)

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Guerrero ◽  
Federico Van Diest ◽  
Andrea Barahona ◽  
Silvio Montalvo ◽  
Rafael Borja
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Start Up
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