The industrial water footprint of zippers

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Xiong Ying Wu ◽  
Lai Li Wang ◽  
Xue Mei Ding
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Apparel Production ◽  
Product Output

Industrial production of apparel consumes large quantity of freshwater and discharges effluents that intensify the problem of freshwater shortage and water pollution. The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g. zipper, fastener, sewing thread) and industrial production processes. The objective of this paper is to carry out a pilot study on IWF accounting for three kinds of typical zipper (i.e. metal zipper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) zipper and polyoxymethylene copolymer (Co-POM) zipper) that are commonly used for apparel production. The results reveal that product output exerts a remarkable influence on zipper's average IWF. Metal zipper has the largest IWF and followed by Co-POM zipper and PET zipper. Painting, dyeing and primary processing are the top three water-consuming processes and contribute about 90% of the zipper's IWF. Painting consumes the largest amount of freshwater among all processes and occupies more than 50% of the zipper's IWF. In addition, the grey water footprint (WFgrey) provides the greatest contribution, more than 80%, to the zipper's IWF. Based on these results, this paper also provides several strategies aimed at water economization and pollution reduction during industrial production of zipper.

WATER POLLUTION REDUCTION BY USING NEW PREMETALATED DYES IN DYEING WOOL

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Laura Chirila ◽  
Romen Butnaru ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Maria Marcela Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Reduction

Produce prediction modeling of Industrial production processes using the improved PLS-CM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Han ◽  
Jintao Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Geng ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Prediction Modeling ◽  
Production Processes

Application of laser absorption spectroscopy for identification gases in industrial production processes and early safety warning

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925-1937
Author(s):  
张志荣 ZHANG Zhi-rong ◽  
孙鹏帅 SUN Peng-shuai ◽  
庞 涛 PANG Tao ◽  
李 哲 LI Zhe ◽  
夏 滑 XIA Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Safety Warning

scholarly journals Water Footprint Management for Sustainable Growth in the Bangladesh Apparel Sector

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2760
Author(s):  
Laila Hossain ◽  
Mohidus Samad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Textile Industries

Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, primarily driven by its textile industries. A high amount of water is consumed and polluted in the production and processing of raw material to the final product in the textile industry. Therefore, water footprint assessment is important for textile products. In this study, the water footprint of cotton cultivation, transportation and textile industry was calculated by analyzing the amount of imported cotton, production and processing capacity of cotton yarn and cotton fabrics, wastewater volume, number of workers and pollution load database, for 2012–2016. For the textile industry, the annual water footprint was found to be 1.8 billion m3. This high amount of water footprint and water pollution may result in depletion of groundwater level and can lead to major health problems for the local people, respectively. Total water footprint for ready-made garment product is found to be 27.56 billion m3, whereas considering proper water treatment and water reuse facilities can reduce the grey water footprint to around 1.26 billion m3. This study shows the extent of water pollution, groundwater depletion and economic impact of groundwater extraction, and possible means to reduce water footprint in cotton cultivation and textile industries.

scholarly journals The Water Footprint of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Mohan Bikram Shrestha ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Industrial Water Use ◽  
Per Capita

The water footprint is consumption-based indicator of water use. Water footprint is defined as the total volume of both indirect and the direct freshwater used for producing goods and services consumed by individuals or inhabitants of community. There are many studies regarding the direct water use but studies incorporating both direct and indirect water use is deficient. This study tries to estimate total volume of water based on the consumption pattern of different commodities by individuals of Kathmandu Metropolitan city using extended water footprint calculator. The average water footprint of individuals appears to be 1145.52 m3/yr. The indirect and direct water footprint appears to be 1070.82 Mm3/yr and 46.59 Mm3/yr respectively which cumulatively give the total water footprint of Kathmandu Metropolitan City of 1117.40 Mm3/yr. This volume is equal to 2.27 times the annual flow the River Bagmati. The indirect water footprint includes food water footprint of 1055.60 Mm3/yr or 2.14 times the annual flow and industrial water use of 15.22 Mm3/yr or 0.03 times the annual flow while the direct water footprint includes domestic water use of 46.59 Mm3/yr or 0.09 times the annual flow. In food water footprint, cereals consumption shared the highest contribution of 34.82% followed by meat consumption with share of 32.62% in total water footprint. Per capita per day water use of inhabitants appears to be 3138 liters which includes water use in food items of 2965 liters, industrial water use of 43 liters and domestic water use of 131 liters. The per capita per day domestic water use is 90 liters more than supplement of 41 liters by the water operator of Kathmandu Valley. Per capita per day domestic water use is already 5 liters more than expected improvement in water supplement of 126 liters per capita per day in 2025 after accomplishment of Melamchi water project. And, it is expected to increase further observing the rapid urbanization of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. The study showed water footprint of individuals is directly related to food consumption behavior, life style and services used therefore it is necessary to initiate water offsetting measures at individual level and water operator to find environmentally sustainable alternatives along with ongoing water project to fulfill demand. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 73-80

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