Bacterial community involved in the nitrogen cycle in a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating UASB effluent

Abstract The bacterial community composition of a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluent was investigated by pyrosequencing. Bacterial community composition considerably changed along the reactor and over the operational period. The dominant phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. The abundance of denitrifiers decreased from the top to the bottom and it was consistent with the organic matter concentration gradients. At lower loadings (organic and nitrogen loading rates), the abundance of anammox bacteria was higher than that of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the upper portion of the reactor, suggesting that aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred. Nitrification occurred in all the compartments, while anammox bacteria prominently appeared even in the presence of high organic carbon to ammonia ratios (around 1.0–2.0 gCOD gN−1). The results suggest that denitrifiers, nitrifiers, and anammox bacteria coexisted in the reactor; thus, different metabolic pathways were involved in ammonium removal in the post-UASB reactor sponge-based.

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Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.58554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽

Puti Sri Komala ◽

Arief Almi

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Biofilm Process ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm process commonly uses various inorganic carriers to enhance nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier. The experiment was carried out by using an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treating artificial wastewater at room temperature. The reactor was fed with ammonium and nitrite with the concentrations of 70‐150 mg–N/L and variations in the hydraulic retention time of 24 and 12 h. The granular anammox belongs to the genus Candidatus Brocadia sinica that was added as an inoculum of the reactor operation. The experimental stoichiometric of anammox for ΔNO2‐–N: ΔNH4+–N and ΔNO3‐: ΔNH4+ were 1.24 and 0.18, respectively, which is similar to anammox stoichiometry. The maximum Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) has achieved 0.29 kg–N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.6 kg–N/m3.d. The highest ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) were 88% and 85%, respectively. Based on this results, it indicated that sugarcane bagasse as organic carriers could increase the amount of total nitrogen removal by provided of denitrification process but inhibited the anammox process at a certain COD concentration.

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Open trickling filter: an innovative, cheap and simple form of post-treatment of sanitary effluents from anaerobic reactors in small communities

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2012.072 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. C. Vieira ◽

M. von Sperling

Keyword(s):

Loading Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Trickling Filter ◽

Small Communities ◽

Capital Costs

We aimed to evaluate the performance and cost savings of an innovative design of a trickling filter (TF) for small population sizes, developed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil referred to as an open trickling filter (OTF). The OTF had no side walls and no perforated bottom slab, and was applied for the post-treatment of sanitary sewage from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The OTF had crushed-stone packing (3.5 m high) and was operated with an average surface hydraulic loading rate of 4.1 m3 m−2 d−1 and an average volumetric organic loading rate of 0.10 kg BOD m−3 d−1 (biochemical oxygen demand). The average concentrations obtained at the OTF effluent were 48 mg TSS L−1 (total suspended solids), 132 mg COD L−1 (chemical oxygen demand), 51 mg BOD L−1, 19 mg TKN L−1 (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), 16 mg NH4+-N L−1 and 10 mg NO3−-N L−1, complying with local discharge standards. Analysis of the construction costs indicated savings of 74% compared to conventional TF. Based on the performance, compactness, simplicity and reduced capital costs, it is believed that the proposed OTF is a good alternative for small communities, especially in developing countries.

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Aplikasi Proses Anammox Dalam Penyisihan Nitrogen Menggunakan Reaktor Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽

Reri Afrianita ◽

Ilham Hagi Putra

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Start Up ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anammox Process

ABSTRACTAnammox process is a more practical alternative in biological nitrogen removal compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification processes. This process conducted at the optimum temperature of 370C. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has the potential for the application of anammox processes to remove nitrogen in wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the anammox process using the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature with variations in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and 12 hours, at the laboratory scale. Samples are measured twice a week using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a seeding sludge for start-up, the reactor was inoculated with granular anammox bacteria genus Candidatus Brocadia. At the stable operation, the ratio of ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N approach the stoichiometry of the anammox process were 1.20 and 0.21, respectively. The performance of nitrogen removal with 24-hour HRT obtained a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.113 kg-N/m3.d with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d, and at 12-hour HRT, maximum NRR of 0.196 kg-N/m3.d with NLR 0,28 kg-N/m3.d. Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) maximum for HRT 24 hours were 82% and 77%, respectively while HRT 12 hours were 72% and 68%, respectively. The anammox process operated stably in the tropical temperature with a temperature range of 23-280C on a laboratory scale using the UASB reactor.Keywords: anammox, nitrogen, temperature, tropical, uasb.ABSTRAKProses anammox menjadi alternatif yang lebih efektif dalam penyisihan nitrogen secara biologi dibandingkan dengan proses konvensional nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses ini berlangsung optimum pada suhu 370C. Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki potensi untuk aplikasi proses anammox untuk menghilangkan nitrogen pada air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efesiensi penyisihan nitrogen pada proses anammox menggunakan Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reaktor pada suhu ambien dengan variasi Waktu Tinggal Hidrolik (WTH) 24 jam dan 12 jam, pada skala laboratorium. Sampel diukur dua kali setiap minggu menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sebagai seeding sludge (lumpur biakan) untuk start-up (memulai) reaktor digunakan bakteri anammox genus Candidatus Brocadia berbentuk granular. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, didapatkan nilai rasio ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N dan ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N mendekati stoikiometri proses anammox yaitu 1,20 dan 0,21. Kinerja penyisihan nitrogen dengan WTH 24 jam didapatkan nilai tingkat penyisihan nitrogen (TPyN ) maksimum 0,113 kg-N/m3.h pada tingkat pemuatan nitrogen (TPN) 0,14 kg-N/m3.h, dan WTH 12 jam nilai TPyN maksimum 0,196 kg-N/m3.h pada TPN 0,28 kg-N/m3.h. Nilai efisiensi konversi amonia (EKA) dan efisiensi penyisihan nitrogen (EPN) maksimum pada WTH 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 82% dan 77%, sedangkan pada WTH 12 jam berturut-turut adalah 72% dan 68%. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa proses anammox dapat berlangsung stabil pada daerah tropis dengan suhu terukur 21-290C pada skala laboratorium menggunakan UASB reaktor. Kata kunci: Anammox, nitrogen, temperatur, tropis, uasb.

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Anammox Bakterilerinin Zenginleştirilmesinde Farklı Dolgu Malzemelerinin Etkisi / The Effect of Different Filling Materials in Anammox Bacteria Enrichment

Journal of History Culture and Art Research ◽

10.7596/taksad.v1i4.80 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Dilek ÖZGÜN ◽

Serden BAŞAK ◽

Kevser CIRIK ◽

ARZU KILIÇ ◽

Dilek Akman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Filling Material ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Slow Growth Rate ◽

Filling Materials

Anaerobik amonyum oksidasyonu (Anammox) anoksik ortamda amonyumun elektron verici nitritin elektron alıcı olarak azot gazına oksitlendiği proses olarak bilinmektedir. Konvansiyonel nitrifikasyon-denitrifikasyon prosesleriyle karşılaştırıldığında Anammox prosesinde daha az oksijen kullanılmakta ve hiçbir organik madde (metanol, glikoz) içeriğine gerek duyulmamaktadır. Ancak sayılan avantajlarının yanı sıra Anammox bakterilerinin yavaş büyüme oranı (11-30 gün) dezavantajını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu bakterilerin zenginleştirilme safhasında özellikle kesikli reaktörler ile çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürekli olarak işletilen yukarı akışlı reaktörde (UASB-Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket), farklı dolgu malzemeleri kullanılarak hassas ve yavaş büyüyen Anammox bakterilerinin sistemden dışarıya atılmasının engellenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Sistem yukarı akışlı kolon reaktörde 2 gün hidrolik bekleme süresinde (HRT-Hydraulic retention time) işletilmiştir. Çalışmada seramik taşlar ve Linpor dolgu malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Her iki dolgu malzemesi ile 45 gün işletilen reaktörlerden seramik taşların kullanıldığı reaktörde amonyum azotunun giderimin hızlı bir şekilde %90’lara ulaştığı gözlenmiştir. Linpor dolgu maddelerinin kullanıldığı reaktörde ise amonyum azotunun giderimi daha yavaş olmuştur. Nitrit azotu ise her iki reaktörde de %90’lara varan giderime ulaşmıştır. Stokiyometrik denkleme göre kıyaslandığında Linporlarda çok fazla miktarda nitrat azotunun oluştuğu görülmüştür. 25 gün sonunda Linporlu reaktörde elde edilen sonuçlarla seramik taş dolgulu reaktördeki sonuçlarla benzerlik göstermiştir. The Effect of Different Filling Materials in Anammox Bacteria Enrichment Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a process that ammonium as electron donor is oxidized to nitrogen gas using nitrite as electron acceptor. Compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification processes, this process is used less oxygen and no organic material (methanol, glucose). However, the slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria (11-30 days) is disadvantages. Therefore, batch reactors have been carried out in these bacteria enrichment. In this study continuously operated upflow anaerobic sludge reactor (UASB) using different filling materials disposing of sensitive and slow-growing Anammox bacteria out of the system is purposed. System is operated up-flow column reactor at 2 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). In this study, ceramic stones and Linpor filling material are used. Both filling material reactors are operated in 45 days. Ceramic stones filling reactor is observed quickly reaches 90% were used reactor ammonium removal. The ammonium nitrogen removal was slower in Linpor filling materials reactor. Nitrite removal is reached up to 90% in both the reactor. When compared to the stoichiometric equation in Linpor was composed of large amounts of nitrate. At the end of 25 days the results were similar to ceramic stone filling reactor with Linpor filling material reactors.

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Diversity and dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in a sponge-based trickling filter treating effluent from a UASB reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.288 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 650-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. F. A. Mac Conell ◽

P. G. S. Almeida ◽

A. M. Zerbini ◽

E. M. F. Brandt ◽

J. C. Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Trickling Filter ◽

Strong Concentration ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

N Removal

Changes in ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) population dynamics were examined in a new sponge-based trickling filter (TF) post-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and these changes were linked to relevant components influencing nitrification (chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N)). The sponge-based packing media caused strong concentration gradients along the TF, providing an ecological selection of AOB within the system. The organic loading rate (OLR) affected the population dynamics, and under higher OLR or low ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations some AOB bands disappeared, but maintaining the overall community function for NH4+-N removal. The dominant bands present in the upper portions of the TF were closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea and distantly affiliated to Nitrosomonas eutropha, and thus were adapted to higher NH4+-N and organic matter concentrations. In the lower portions of the TF, the dominant bands were related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha, commonly found in environments with low levels of NH4+-N. From a technology point of view, changes in AOB structure at OLR around 0.40–0.60 kgCOD m−3 d−1 did not affect TF performance for NH4+-N removal, but AOB diversity may have been correlated with the noticeable stability of the sponge-based TF for NH4+-N removal at low OLR. This study is relevant because molecular biology was used to observe important features of a bioreactor, considering realistic operational conditions applied to UASB/sponge-based TF systems.

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Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Granules in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02271-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 2652-2656 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Bing-Jie Ni ◽

Bao-Lan Hu ◽

Fang Fang ◽

Wen-Ming Xie ◽

Boran Kartal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising new process to treat high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. Due to the low growth rate of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, efficient biomass retention is essential for reactor operation. Therefore, we studied the settling ability and community composition of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules, which were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor seeded with aerobic granules. With this seed, the start-up period was less than 160 days at a NH4 +-N removal efficiency of 94% and a loading rate of 0.064 kg N per kg volatile suspended solids per day. The formed granules were bright red and had a high settling velocity (41 to 79 m h−1). Cells and extracellular polymeric substances were evenly distributed over the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules. The high percentage of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules could be visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules were determined to be 4.6 Ã¯Â¿Â½ 108 copies ml−1. The results of this study could be used for a better design, shorter start-up time, and more stable operation of anammox systems for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewaters.

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NITROGEN REMOVAL IN THE ANAMMOX BIOFILM REACTOR USING PALM FIBER AS CARRIER IN TROPICAL TEMPERATURE OPERATION

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri ◽

10.21771/jrtppi.2019.v10.no2.p7-15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽

Ansiha Nur ◽

Wina Ermaliza

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Palm Fiber ◽

Anammox Process

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the process of converting ammonium directly into nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. This process is more effective than conventional nitrification-denitrification but is very dependent on several parameters, one of which is temperature. The optimum temperature range for the growth of anammox bacteria is 30-400C. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficiency of nitrogen removal by anammox process using palm fibers in the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor in the tropical temperature. The experiment was conducted at a laboratory scale with a variation of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 24 h and 12 h using artificial wastewater. The reactor was inoculated with anammox granule genus Candidatus Brocadia. The concentration of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in the influent and effluent were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer based on standard method. Based on the experiment, the ratio ΔNH4+-N:ΔNO2--N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N similar with stoichiometric of anammox. The maximum Nitrogen removal performance (NRT) achieved 0.11 kg-N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d and 0.20 kg-N/m3.d at NLR 0.29 kg-N/m3.d. The removal efficiency for Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) in HRT 24 h were 79% and 76%, respectively while decreased in HRT 12 h were 72% and 69%, respectively. Anammox process can be applied in the tropical temperature at a laboratory scale using a UASB reactor with palm fiber as the carrier.

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Qualitative Analysis of Microbial Dynamics during Anaerobic Digestion of Microalgal Biomass in a UASB Reactor

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/5291283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Doloman ◽

Yousef Soboh ◽

Andrew J. Walters ◽

Ronald C. Sims ◽

Charles D. Miller

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Bacterial Composition

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbiologically coordinated process with dynamic relationships between bacterial players. Current understanding of dynamic changes in the bacterial composition during the AD process is incomplete. The objective of this research was to assess changes in bacterial community composition that coordinates with anaerobic codigestion of microalgal biomass cultivated on municipal wastewater. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used to achieve high rates of microalgae decomposition and biogas production. Samples of the sludge were collected throughout AD and extracted DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing using methanogenmcrAgene specific and universal bacterial primers. Analysis of the data revealed that samples taken at different stages of AD had varying bacterial composition. A group consisting of Bacteroidales, Pseudomonadales, and Enterobacteriales was identified to be putatively responsible for the hydrolysis of microalgal biomass. The methanogenesis phase was dominated byMethanosarcina mazei. Results of observed changes in the composition of microbial communities during AD can be used as a road map to stimulate key bacterial species identified at each phase of AD to increase yield of biogas and rate of substrate decomposition. This research demonstrates a successful exploitation of methane production from microalgae without any biomass pretreatment.

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