Determine the operational boundary of a pilot-scale single-stage partial nitritation/anammox system with granular sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2085-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
Baikun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Microbial Analysis

The partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process has been applied to ammonium-rich wastewater treatment, but the operational boundary has not been well determined for long-term stability. This pilot-scale study was targeted at a single-stage PN/A process using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) (volume: 53 m3) and granulated activated sludge. The maximum nitrogen removal rate reached 0.83 kg N/(m3 · d). Microbial analysis suggested that ammonium oxidizing bacteria were mainly present in small sludge flocs while anammox bacteria were prone to grow in large sludge granules. The PN/A performance was enhanced when dissolved oxygen (DO) was increased from 0.25 to 0.76 mg/L, and deteriorated at DO higher than 1.15 mg/L. The PN/A was inhibited at free ammonia (FA) over 77.0 mg/L. High DO or FA concentrations inhibited anammox activity and further induced high and inhibitory nitrite concentrations. Therefore, appropriate DO and FA concentrations should be controlled to achieve single-stage PN/A in SBRs.

scholarly journals Application of combined process of partial nitritation - anammox using a rotating biological contactor (PARBC) to treat ammonium-rich wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Hien Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Van Thi Thanh Truong ◽  
Son Thanh Le ◽  
Nhat The Phan ◽  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Startup Time ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Combining the partial Nitritation and Anammox using a rotating biological contactor (PARBC) to remove the ammonium in wastewater was evaluated in this study. The accumulation of Anammox bacteria on the carrier easily obtained after 5 days operating of sequence batch with synthetic wastewater. Then AOB biomass cultivated in PARBC to complete the process of combining two bacteria in the same reactor for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal. After 60 batches of the operation, highest nitrogen removal rate reached 0.33 kg N/m3.d with nitrogen removal efficiency is 90% at a concentration of ammonium input of 250 mg N/L. The specific Anammox activity (SAA) of biofilm and suspended sludge in the tank is determined to be 0.298 gN-N2/gVSS/day and 0.0041 gN-N2/gVSS/day, respectively. Moreover, the suspended sludge concentration is 17.765 mg MLSS/L. This result showed that Anammox bacteria adapt and grow on the rotating biological carrier; otherwise Anammox bacteria hardly develop in the form of suspended sludge in the tank. This study shows that the PARBCR has great potential to effectively removing ammonium from wastewater with the short startup time.

Granular biomass capable of partial nitritation and anammox

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Vlaeminck ◽  
L. F. F. Cloetens ◽  
M. Carballa ◽  
N. Boon ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Granular Biomass ◽  
The One

A novel and efficient way of removing nitrogen from wastewater poor in biodegradable organic carbon, is the combination of partial nitritation and anoxic ammonium oxidation (anammox), as in the one-stage oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) process. Since anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria grow very slowly, maximum biomass retention in the reactor is required. In this study, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to develop granular, rapidly settling biomass. With SBR cycles of one hour and a minimum biomass settling velocity of 0.7 m/h, OLAND granules were formed in 1.5 months and the nitrogen removal rate increased from 50 to 450 mg N L−1 d−1 in 2 months. The granules had a mean diameter of 1.8 mm and their aerobic and anoxic ammonium-oxidizing activities were well equilibrated to perform the OLAND reaction. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated the presence of both β-proteobacterial aerobic ammonium oxidizers and planctomycetes (among which anoxic ammonium oxidizers) in the granules. The presented results show the applicability of rapidly settling granular biomass for one-stage partial nitritation and anammox.

Performance and inhibition recovery of anammox reactors seeded with different types of sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Q. Ni ◽  
J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In order to study the performance, inhibition and recovery processes of different types of anammox sludge, three up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were inoculated with flocculent sludge, granular sludge, and cultured inactive methanogenic granules. During stable period, with nitrogen loading rates of 0.9–1.1 kg/m3/d, the total nitrogen removal efficiencies of these reactors averaged at 86.5%, 90.8% and 93.5%, respectively. The kinetics study indicated that the reactor seeded with cultured inactive methanogenic granules possessed the highest nitrogen removal potential, followed by the granular anammox reactor and the flocculent anammox reactor. The study suggested that a concentration as high as 988.3 mg NH4+-N/L and 484.4 mg NO2−-N/L could totally inhibit granular anammox bacteria and result in a inhibition of 50% flocculent anammox activity. In addition, reactors seeded with flocculent sludge and anammox granules could be fully recovered by decreasing their influent substrate concentrations. However, the decrease of influent substrate concentration for the reactor with cultured inactive methanogenic granules could only restore about 75% of its bacterial activity. In this study, anammox bacteria purity was the major factor to evaluate the recovery ability in comparison with sludge type. Free ammonia was a more appropriate indicator for the anammox recovery process compared to free nitric acid.

scholarly journals Observability of anammox activity in single-stage nitritation/anammox reactors using mass balances

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Schielke-Jenni ◽  
Kris Villez ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
Kai M. Udert
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Microbial Kinetics ◽  
Anammox Activity

Theoretically, mass balances based on microbial kinetics allow the determination of the activity of anammox bacteria (AMX) and heterotrophic bacteria (HET). In practise, the variance of the resulting activities is too high.

scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Naoki Fujii ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the start-up of the anammox-based process: ELAN®

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Morales ◽  
A. Val del Río ◽  
J. R. Vázquez-Padín ◽  
R. Gutiérrez ◽  
R. Fernández-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Supernatant

The anammox-based process ELAN® was started-up in two different sequencing batch reactor (SBR) pilot plant reactors treating municipal anaerobic digester supernatant. The main difference in the operation of both reactors was the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the bulk liquid. SBR-1 was started at a DO value of 0.4 mg O2/L whereas SBR-2 was started at DO values of 3.0 mg O2/L. Despite both reactors working at a nitrogen removal rate of around 0.6 g N/(L d), in SBR-1, granules represented only a small fraction of the total biomass and reached a diameter of 1.1 mm after 7 months of operation, while in SBR-2 the biomass was mainly composed of granules with an average diameter of 3.2 mm after the same operational period. Oxygen microelectrode profiling revealed that granules from SBR-2 where only fully penetrated by oxygen with DO concentrations of 8 mg O2/L while granules from SBR-1 were already oxygen penetrated at DO concentrations of 1 mg O2/L. In this way granules from SBR-2 performed better due to the thick layer of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, which accounted for up to 20% of all the microbial populations, which protected the anammox bacteria from non-suitable liquid media conditions.

scholarly journals The treatment of solvent recovery raffinate by aerobic granular sludge in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Long ◽  
Chang-zhu Yang ◽  
Wen-hong Pu ◽  
Jia-kuan Yang ◽  
Guo-sheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Solvent Recovery ◽  
Mixed Liquor

Mature aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was inoculated for the start-up of a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of high concentration solvent recovery raffinate (SRR). The proportion of simulated wastewater (SW) (w/w) in the influent gradually decreased to zero during the operation, while volume of SRR gradually increased from zero to 10.84 L. AGS was successfully domesticated after 48 days, which maintained its structure during the operation. The domesticated AGS was orange, irregular, smooth and compact. Sludge volume index (SVI), SV30/SV5, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids/mixed liquor suspended solids (MLVSS/MLSS), extracellular polymeric substances, proteins/polysaccharides, average particle size, granulation rate, specific oxygen utilization rates (SOUR)H and (SOUR)N of AGS were about 38 mL/g, 0.97, 0.52, 39.73 mg/g MLVSS, 1.17, 1.51 mm, 96.66%, 47.40 mg O2/h g volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 8.96 mg O2/h g VSS, respectively. Good removal effect was achieved by the reactor. Finally, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) were more than 98%, 96%, 97% and 97%, respectively. The result indicated gradually increasing the proportion of real wastewater in influent was a useful domestication method, and the feasibility of AGS for treatment of high C/N ratio industrial wastewater.

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